Widely tunable black phosphorus mid-infrared photodetector

Xiaolong Chen; Xiaobo Lu; Bingchen Deng; Ofer Sinai; Yuchuan Shao; Cheng Li; Shaofan Yuan; Vy Tran; Kenji Watanabe; Takashi Taniguchi; Doron Naveh; Li Yang; Fengnian Xia

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01978-3

Widely tunable black phosphorus mid-infrared photodetector

Xiaolong Chen, Xiaobo Lu, Bingchen Deng, Ofer Sinai, Yuchuan Shao, Cheng Li, Shaofan Yuan, Vy Tran, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Doron Naveh, Li Yang, Fengnian Xia

Bar-Ilan University - The Alexander Kofkin Faculty of Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

304 Scopus citations

Abstract

Lately rediscovered orthorhombic black phosphorus (BP) exhibits promising properties for near- and mid-infrared optoelectronics. Although recent electrical measurements indicate that a vertical electric field can effectively reduce its transport bandgap, the impact of the electric field on light-matter interaction remains unclear. Here we show that a vertical electric field can dynamically extend the photoresponse in a 5 nm-thick BP photodetector from 3.7 to beyond 7.7 μm, leveraging the Stark effect. We further demonstrate that such a widely tunable BP photodetector exhibits a peak extrinsic photo-responsivity of 518, 30, and 2.2 mA W^-1 at 3.4, 5, and 7.7 μm, respectively, at 77 K. Furthermore, the extracted photo-carrier lifetime indicates a potential operational speed of 1.3 GHz. Our work not only demonstrates the potential of BP as an alternative mid-infrared material with broad optical tunability but also may enable the compact, integrated on-chip high-speed mid-infrared photodetectors, modulators, and spectrometers.

Original language	English
Article number	1672
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	8
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01978-3
State	Published - 22 Nov 2017

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Author(s).

Funding

F.X. acknowledges support by National Science Foundation EFRI-2DARE program and the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program. L.Y. thanks support by National Science Foundation EFRI-2DARE program and grant DMR-1455346. The computational resources have been provided by the Stampede of Teragrid at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC). This work also used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1548562. D.N. and O.S. acknowledge support from the Israel Science Foundation (ISF grant No. 2174/15 and ISF grant No. 1055/15). We gratefully acknowledge the invaluable work of Dr. Ronit Popovitz-Biro (HR-TEM) and Ms. Katya Rechav (FIB) of the Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and BioNano Imaging (Weizmann Institute). We thank Ms. Sonya Sawtelle at Yale University for assistance with the wire bonding. Facilities use in Yale was partially supported by Yale Institute for Nanoscience and Quantum Engineering (YINQE) and NSF MRSEC DMR 1119826.

Funders	Funder number
NSF MRSEC	DMR 1119826
Yale Institute for Nanoscience and Quantum Engineering
National Science Foundation
Office of Naval Research	DMR-1455346, ACI-1548562, EFRI-2DARE
Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences	1455346, 1119826
Iowa Science Foundation	2174/15, 1055/15
Israel Science Foundation

Access to Document

10.1038/s41467-017-01978-3

Cite this

@article{2ff2ecc4d5fc40eaa1d17da76552f6fe,

title = "Widely tunable black phosphorus mid-infrared photodetector",

abstract = "Lately rediscovered orthorhombic black phosphorus (BP) exhibits promising properties for near- and mid-infrared optoelectronics. Although recent electrical measurements indicate that a vertical electric field can effectively reduce its transport bandgap, the impact of the electric field on light-matter interaction remains unclear. Here we show that a vertical electric field can dynamically extend the photoresponse in a 5 nm-thick BP photodetector from 3.7 to beyond 7.7 μm, leveraging the Stark effect. We further demonstrate that such a widely tunable BP photodetector exhibits a peak extrinsic photo-responsivity of 518, 30, and 2.2 mA W-1 at 3.4, 5, and 7.7 μm, respectively, at 77 K. Furthermore, the extracted photo-carrier lifetime indicates a potential operational speed of 1.3 GHz. Our work not only demonstrates the potential of BP as an alternative mid-infrared material with broad optical tunability but also may enable the compact, integrated on-chip high-speed mid-infrared photodetectors, modulators, and spectrometers.",

author = "Xiaolong Chen and Xiaobo Lu and Bingchen Deng and Ofer Sinai and Yuchuan Shao and Cheng Li and Shaofan Yuan and Vy Tran and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi and Doron Naveh and Li Yang and Fengnian Xia",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Author(s).",

year = "2017",

month = nov,

day = "22",

doi = "10.1038/s41467-017-01978-3",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "8",

journal = "Nature Communications",

issn = "2041-1723",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Widely tunable black phosphorus mid-infrared photodetector

AU - Chen, Xiaolong

AU - Lu, Xiaobo

AU - Deng, Bingchen

AU - Sinai, Ofer

AU - Shao, Yuchuan

AU - Li, Cheng

AU - Yuan, Shaofan

AU - Tran, Vy

AU - Watanabe, Kenji

AU - Taniguchi, Takashi

AU - Naveh, Doron

AU - Yang, Li

AU - Xia, Fengnian

PY - 2017/11/22

Y1 - 2017/11/22

N2 - Lately rediscovered orthorhombic black phosphorus (BP) exhibits promising properties for near- and mid-infrared optoelectronics. Although recent electrical measurements indicate that a vertical electric field can effectively reduce its transport bandgap, the impact of the electric field on light-matter interaction remains unclear. Here we show that a vertical electric field can dynamically extend the photoresponse in a 5 nm-thick BP photodetector from 3.7 to beyond 7.7 μm, leveraging the Stark effect. We further demonstrate that such a widely tunable BP photodetector exhibits a peak extrinsic photo-responsivity of 518, 30, and 2.2 mA W-1 at 3.4, 5, and 7.7 μm, respectively, at 77 K. Furthermore, the extracted photo-carrier lifetime indicates a potential operational speed of 1.3 GHz. Our work not only demonstrates the potential of BP as an alternative mid-infrared material with broad optical tunability but also may enable the compact, integrated on-chip high-speed mid-infrared photodetectors, modulators, and spectrometers.

AB - Lately rediscovered orthorhombic black phosphorus (BP) exhibits promising properties for near- and mid-infrared optoelectronics. Although recent electrical measurements indicate that a vertical electric field can effectively reduce its transport bandgap, the impact of the electric field on light-matter interaction remains unclear. Here we show that a vertical electric field can dynamically extend the photoresponse in a 5 nm-thick BP photodetector from 3.7 to beyond 7.7 μm, leveraging the Stark effect. We further demonstrate that such a widely tunable BP photodetector exhibits a peak extrinsic photo-responsivity of 518, 30, and 2.2 mA W-1 at 3.4, 5, and 7.7 μm, respectively, at 77 K. Furthermore, the extracted photo-carrier lifetime indicates a potential operational speed of 1.3 GHz. Our work not only demonstrates the potential of BP as an alternative mid-infrared material with broad optical tunability but also may enable the compact, integrated on-chip high-speed mid-infrared photodetectors, modulators, and spectrometers.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034741514&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41467-017-01978-3

DO - 10.1038/s41467-017-01978-3

M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???

C2 - 29162821

AN - SCOPUS:85034741514

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 8

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

IS - 1

M1 - 1672

ER -

Widely tunable black phosphorus mid-infrared photodetector

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this