Abstract
Unraveling the failure history of submarine slides and delineating its environmental controls are crucial for practical hazard assessments, but are commonly challenging and costly. Here we address this challenge by investigating the Goliath slide complex, one of the largest documented slide scars on the ~200 km long continental slope offshore Israel. Geophysical evidence suggest that the Goliath complex is a relatively young feature. However, despite its proximity to submarine infrastructure and to one of the most populated coastal areas in the Mediterranean, its recent temporal development was never determined. Based on a detailed analysis of sub-meter resolution multi-channel seismic profiles, four sediment cores were retrieved from the northern head scarp and toe domains of the Goliath slide complex. Selective sedimentological and chronological analyses were carried out following a detailed computed tomography analysis of the cores. The results reveal two generations of deposits on the northern head scarp of Goliath, separated by a detachment surface. Two 14C ages of 7.46 ± 0.13 cal ka BP (core PHS-1) and 7.38 ± 0.16 cal ka BP (core PHS-5) were obtained for the sediments immediately overlying this surface, implying that the Goliath northern head scarp was formed, at least in part, during a substantial ~7.4 cal ka BP event. A ~3.7 kyrs hiatus within the late Holocene sedimentary sequence of core PHS-5 may suggest an additional, more recent and presumably smaller, slide event that occurred at ~2.4 ka BP. The sedimentary succession from Goliath's toe domain (core PTL-3), located ~32 km downslope from the head scarp, show an upper 1.2 m long continuous undisturbed sequence dated to the last ~14 ka BP and including sapropel S1 deposits. This sequence overlies three disturbed units, interpreted as mass transport deposits (MTDs) containing various deformation features, large-scale burrows, sharp contacts and fold structures. A 14C age dates the base of the hemipelagic sequence to 13.91 ± 0.23 cal ka BP, representing the minimum age of the slide event that deposited this MTD. Ages within the MTD units are substantially older (18.21 ± 0.27 to 28.66 ± 0.33 cal ka BP) than in the overlying sequence and an age-inversion within the MTDs supports their interpretation as transported sediments. The timing of the prominent slide events in the Goliath complex corresponds with the late stages of meltwater pulses 1A (~14.6–13.7 ka BP) and 1C (~8.2–7.5 ka BP), periods of accelerated sea level rise and probably increased sediments supply. Our results suggest that climate-driven factors likely contributed significantly to slope instability in this area, while earthquakes on the Dead Sea Transform may have been the triggering factor for the Goliath Slide events.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 106123 |
Journal | Sedimentary Geology |
Volume | 433 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 2022 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Funding
The current manuscript is largely based on the M.Sc. thesis of M. Elad (2017). The study was supported by the State of Israel Ministry of Science and Technology grant 3-9145 , and the Ministry of Energy grant 217-17-006 and student support to O. Gadol. In addition, M. Elad and O. Gadol studies were supported by the Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences and the Hatter Department of Marine Technologies, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa. We would like to thank the crew of Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research RV Shikmona, and the cruise research team, for carrying out the sampling operations; Noble Energy Mediterranean for their support and data sharing; and Emerson-Paradigm for the use and support of their software package. We also thank the reviewers, Prof. Massimo Moretti and Prof. Dave Tappin for their significant help in improving the quality of this manuscript. Lastly, we thank Dr. Nimer Taha, Mr. Alexander Surdyaev and Liad Bar-Zvi for their invaluable help and support. The current manuscript is largely based on the M.Sc. thesis of M. Elad (2017). The study was supported by the State of Israel Ministry of Science and Technology grant 3-9145, and the Ministry of Energy grant 217-17-006 and student support to O. Gadol. In addition, M. Elad and O. Gadol studies were supported by the Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences and the Hatter Department of Marine Technologies, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa. We would like to thank the crew of Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research RV Shikmona, and the cruise research team, for carrying out the sampling operations; Noble Energy Mediterranean for their support and data sharing; and Emerson-Paradigm for the use and support of their software package. We also thank the reviewers, Prof. Massimo Moretti and Prof. Dave Tappin for their significant help in improving the quality of this manuscript. Lastly, we thank Dr. Nimer Taha, Mr. Alexander Surdyaev and Liad Bar-Zvi for their invaluable help and support.
Funders | Funder number |
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Charney School of Marine Sciences | |
Hatter Department of Marine Technologies | |
Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research RV Shikmona | |
Ministry of Energy | 217-17-006 |
Noble Energy Mediterranean | |
State of Israel Ministry of Science and Technology | 3-9145 |
University of Haifa |
Keywords
- C-14 dating
- CT analysis
- MTDs
- Mediterranean Sea
- Sea-level rise
- Submarine landslides