TY - JOUR
T1 - What school-level and area-level factors influenced HPV and MenACWY vaccine coverage in England in 2016/2017? An ecological study
AU - Tiley, Karen
AU - White, Joanne
AU - Andrews, Nick
AU - Tessier, Elise
AU - Ramsay, Mary
AU - Edelstein, Michael
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Author(s).
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - Objective To describe school-level and area-level factors that influence coverage of the school-delivered human papillomavirus (HPV) and meningococcal A, C, W and Y (MenACWY) programmes among adolescents. Design Ecological study. Setting and participants Aggregated 2016/2017 data from year 9 pupils were received from 1407 schools for HPV and 1432 schools for MenACWY. The unit of analysis was the school. Primary and secondary outcome measures Outcome measures were percentage point (pp) difference in vaccine coverage by schools' religious affiliation, school type, urban/rural, single sex/mixed and region. A subanalysis of mixed-sex, state-funded secondary schools also included deprivation, proportion of population from black and ethnic minorities, and school size. Results Muslim and Jewish schools had significantly lower coverage than schools of no religious character for HPV (24.0 (95% CI-38.2 to-9.8) and 20.5 (95% CI-30.7 to-10.4) pp lower, respectively) but not for MenACWY. Independent, special schools and pupil referral units had increasingly lower vaccine coverage compared with state-funded secondary schools for both HPV and MenACWY. For both vaccines, coverage was 2 pp higher in rural schools than in urban schools and lowest in London. Compared with mixed schools, HPV coverage was higher in male-only (3.7 pp, 95% CI 0.2 to 7.2) and female-only (4.8 pp, 95% CI 2 to 7.6) schools. In the subanalysis, schools located in least deprived areas had the highest coverage for both vaccines (3.8 (95% CI 0.9 to 6.8) and 10.4 (95% CI 7.0 to 13.8) pp for HPV and MenACWY, respectively), and the smallest schools had the lowest coverage (-10.4 (95% CI-14.1 to-6.8) and-7.9 (95% CI-12 to-3.8) for HPV and MenACWY, respectively). Conclusions Tailored approaches are required to improve HPV vaccine coverage in Muslim and Jewish schools. In addition, better ways of reaching pupils in smaller specialist schools are needed.
AB - Objective To describe school-level and area-level factors that influence coverage of the school-delivered human papillomavirus (HPV) and meningococcal A, C, W and Y (MenACWY) programmes among adolescents. Design Ecological study. Setting and participants Aggregated 2016/2017 data from year 9 pupils were received from 1407 schools for HPV and 1432 schools for MenACWY. The unit of analysis was the school. Primary and secondary outcome measures Outcome measures were percentage point (pp) difference in vaccine coverage by schools' religious affiliation, school type, urban/rural, single sex/mixed and region. A subanalysis of mixed-sex, state-funded secondary schools also included deprivation, proportion of population from black and ethnic minorities, and school size. Results Muslim and Jewish schools had significantly lower coverage than schools of no religious character for HPV (24.0 (95% CI-38.2 to-9.8) and 20.5 (95% CI-30.7 to-10.4) pp lower, respectively) but not for MenACWY. Independent, special schools and pupil referral units had increasingly lower vaccine coverage compared with state-funded secondary schools for both HPV and MenACWY. For both vaccines, coverage was 2 pp higher in rural schools than in urban schools and lowest in London. Compared with mixed schools, HPV coverage was higher in male-only (3.7 pp, 95% CI 0.2 to 7.2) and female-only (4.8 pp, 95% CI 2 to 7.6) schools. In the subanalysis, schools located in least deprived areas had the highest coverage for both vaccines (3.8 (95% CI 0.9 to 6.8) and 10.4 (95% CI 7.0 to 13.8) pp for HPV and MenACWY, respectively), and the smallest schools had the lowest coverage (-10.4 (95% CI-14.1 to-6.8) and-7.9 (95% CI-12 to-3.8) for HPV and MenACWY, respectively). Conclusions Tailored approaches are required to improve HPV vaccine coverage in Muslim and Jewish schools. In addition, better ways of reaching pupils in smaller specialist schools are needed.
KW - epidemiology
KW - infection control
KW - public health
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069537047&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029087
DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029087
M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???
C2 - 31300506
AN - SCOPUS:85069537047
SN - 2044-6055
VL - 9
JO - BMJ Open
JF - BMJ Open
IS - 7
M1 - 029087
ER -
