Variability study of classical supergiant X-ray binary 4U 1907+09 using NuSTAR

We investigate the X-ray variability of the supergiant X-ray binary 4U 1907+09 using the new NuSTAR observation of 2024. Unlike the previous NuSTAR observations, the source shows significant flux variation during the current one. The light curve exhibits dips (off-state) and flares (on-state). The phase-coherent timing analysis during the on-state yields a pulse period of 443.99(4)s, showing the pulsar's continued spin-down. The pulse profiles show an asymmetric double-peaked structure with a phase separation of 0.47 between the two peaks. A cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF) is also detected at ∼17.6keV, along with its harmonic at ∼38keV, persisting across all flux states. Flux-resolved spectroscopy reveals that the CRSF energy remains constant despite a 25-fold change in flux. The spectral parameters, like photon index and e-fold energy, are out of phase with the pulse shape, whereas the cutoff energy is in phase with the pulse shape. The source's luminosity during the on-state is 2.85×10³⁵ergs⁻¹, consistent with a “pencil” beam radiation pattern expected at this flux level from a collisionless gas-mediated shock. These results offer further insights into the accretion dynamics and magnetic field geometry of this system.