Urbanicity-related trends in lung cancer mortality in US counties: White females and white males, 1970-1987

Karen Kafadar; Laurence S. Freedman; Colin R. Goodall; John W. Tukey

doi:10.1093/ije/25.5.918

Urbanicity-related trends in lung cancer mortality in US counties: White females and white males, 1970-1987

Karen Kafadar
, Laurence S. Freedman
, Colin R. Goodall
, John W. Tukey

University of Colorado Denver
National Institutes of Health
Pennsylvania State University
Princeton University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background. The effect of urbanization on age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates in US counties is investigated. The data come from National Cancer Institute, and urban trends are estimated in time periods 1970-1979 and 1980-1987, for both white males and white females. To account for possibly different gradients in different parts of the country, the 48 contiguous states are divided into seven regions. Methods. A measure of urbanness, urbanicity, is defined and is used to stratify counties. A multiplicative model is proposed that relates county mortality rates to urbanicity. The residuals from this multiplicative model serve as age- and urban-adjusted rates. Results. Urban-rural gradients are significant for nearly all regions for both white males and white females, diminishing slightly in the latter time period for white males but becoming stronger for white females. Conclusions. The age- and urban-adjusted rates may be used in mapping to investigate geographical patterns that remain after removal of the urban factor.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	918-932
Number of pages	15
Journal	International Journal of Epidemiology
Volume	25
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/25.5.918
State	Published - Oct 1996
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Dr C R Goodall was supported in part by National Science Foundation award DMS 92-08656 to the Pennsylvania State University.

Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr K Kafadar was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant Number DMS 95-10435 awarded to the University of Colorado at Denver.

Funding Information:
Research by Goodall and Tukey was prepared in part in connection with research at Princeton University, supported by contract DAAL03-9I-0138 from the U.S. Army Research Office.

Funding

Dr C R Goodall was supported in part by National Science Foundation award DMS 92-08656 to the Pennsylvania State University. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr K Kafadar was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant Number DMS 95-10435 awarded to the University of Colorado at Denver. Research by Goodall and Tukey was prepared in part in connection with research at Princeton University, supported by contract DAAL03-9I-0138 from the U.S. Army Research Office.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Army Research Office
National Science Foundation	DMS 92-08656, DMS 95-10435
Princeton University	DAAL03-9I-0138
Pennsylvania State University
University of Colorado Denver

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

Keywords

Exploratory data analysis
Geographical epidemiology
Poisson
Smoothing
Urbanicity

Access to Document

10.1093/ije/25.5.918

Cite this

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title = "Urbanicity-related trends in lung cancer mortality in US counties: White females and white males, 1970-1987",

abstract = "Background. The effect of urbanization on age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates in US counties is investigated. The data come from National Cancer Institute, and urban trends are estimated in time periods 1970-1979 and 1980-1987, for both white males and white females. To account for possibly different gradients in different parts of the country, the 48 contiguous states are divided into seven regions. Methods. A measure of urbanness, urbanicity, is defined and is used to stratify counties. A multiplicative model is proposed that relates county mortality rates to urbanicity. The residuals from this multiplicative model serve as age- and urban-adjusted rates. Results. Urban-rural gradients are significant for nearly all regions for both white males and white females, diminishing slightly in the latter time period for white males but becoming stronger for white females. Conclusions. The age- and urban-adjusted rates may be used in mapping to investigate geographical patterns that remain after removal of the urban factor.",

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author = "Karen Kafadar and Freedman, \{Laurence S.\} and Goodall, \{Colin R.\} and Tukey, \{John W.\}",

note = "Funding Information: Dr C R Goodall was supported in part by National Science Foundation award DMS 92-08656 to the Pennsylvania State University. Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr K Kafadar was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant Number DMS 95-10435 awarded to the University of Colorado at Denver. Funding Information: Research by Goodall and Tukey was prepared in part in connection with research at Princeton University, supported by contract DAAL03-9I-0138 from the U.S. Army Research Office.",

year = "1996",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1093/ije/25.5.918",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "25",

pages = "918--932",

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AU - Kafadar, Karen

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AU - Goodall, Colin R.

AU - Tukey, John W.

N1 - Funding Information: Dr C R Goodall was supported in part by National Science Foundation award DMS 92-08656 to the Pennsylvania State University. Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr K Kafadar was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant Number DMS 95-10435 awarded to the University of Colorado at Denver. Funding Information: Research by Goodall and Tukey was prepared in part in connection with research at Princeton University, supported by contract DAAL03-9I-0138 from the U.S. Army Research Office.

PY - 1996/10

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N2 - Background. The effect of urbanization on age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates in US counties is investigated. The data come from National Cancer Institute, and urban trends are estimated in time periods 1970-1979 and 1980-1987, for both white males and white females. To account for possibly different gradients in different parts of the country, the 48 contiguous states are divided into seven regions. Methods. A measure of urbanness, urbanicity, is defined and is used to stratify counties. A multiplicative model is proposed that relates county mortality rates to urbanicity. The residuals from this multiplicative model serve as age- and urban-adjusted rates. Results. Urban-rural gradients are significant for nearly all regions for both white males and white females, diminishing slightly in the latter time period for white males but becoming stronger for white females. Conclusions. The age- and urban-adjusted rates may be used in mapping to investigate geographical patterns that remain after removal of the urban factor.

AB - Background. The effect of urbanization on age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates in US counties is investigated. The data come from National Cancer Institute, and urban trends are estimated in time periods 1970-1979 and 1980-1987, for both white males and white females. To account for possibly different gradients in different parts of the country, the 48 contiguous states are divided into seven regions. Methods. A measure of urbanness, urbanicity, is defined and is used to stratify counties. A multiplicative model is proposed that relates county mortality rates to urbanicity. The residuals from this multiplicative model serve as age- and urban-adjusted rates. Results. Urban-rural gradients are significant for nearly all regions for both white males and white females, diminishing slightly in the latter time period for white males but becoming stronger for white females. Conclusions. The age- and urban-adjusted rates may be used in mapping to investigate geographical patterns that remain after removal of the urban factor.

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KW - Geographical epidemiology

KW - Poisson

KW - Smoothing

KW - Urbanicity

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Urbanicity-related trends in lung cancer mortality in US counties: White females and white males, 1970-1987

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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