Trying to Change a Gender-Marked Language: Classical Versus Modern Hebrew

Classical and Modern Hebrew are gender-marked in all morphological forms, and the rules of Hebrew syntax require gender agreement. Consequently, it is next to impossible to find a sentence without gender determination. Masculine content words are unmarked, while feminine words are derived from them. Masculine forms are also used generically, making them more visible than the feminine. Feminine function words, mainly pronouns, were used in classical periods for the masculine as well, leaving less specific features for the feminine. We could expect that feminist speakers would try to change this practice in Modern Hebrew despite the rigid linguistic structure. However, there have been only a few gender changes, mostly in one direction: using masculine, but not feminine forms, for both sexes. This article provides examples of this sociolin-guistic change and explains why it has taken this direction.