The sonochemical fabrication of RNA and DNA nanospheres

The advanced science behind DNA/RNA-based discovery is to provide new therapeutic tools for disease treatment. DNA/RNA-based therapeutics hold the promise of tremendously expanding the number of "druggable” targets by overcoming the major limitation of existing medicines, which are able to deliver only a limited amount of nucleic acid molecules to the cells involved in disease pathways. The transfer of RNA and DNA molecules into cells is often helped by nanoparticles. The use of the nanoparticles (NPs) is limited due to the presence of polymeric, metal, or cross-linker molecules which react with the NPs, thereby avoiding the transfer of DNA and RNA into the cells. Thus the delivery agents of RNA/DNA are impaired. This chapter presents and discusses the results of integrating the fields of nanotechnology and biochemistry to overcome the problems of introducing nucleic acids into cells. This report is focused on the discovery of a new method for the fabrication of RNA and DNA nanospheres from nucleic acid chains.