The reproductive system

The reproductive system mediates the production, storage, and transport of gametes throughout life, as well as hormone production and secretion, hence allowing the fertility of an organism. The reproductive system is bipotent with both males and females initially possess the ability to form either testis or ovary, as well as the presence of dual ductal systems. This chapter describes the developmental origin of the reproductive system from the intermediate mesoderm to the development of the gonads into either a testis or an ovary and finally, the subsequent development of the internal and external genitalia. We elaborate on the anatomical structures as well the molecular pathways involved in the establishment of the gonads and ductal system. We present recent data suggesting that the high degree of plasticity in the reproductive system also persists at adult stages. We end with future prospects regarding the study of sex determination and differentiation.