Abstract
The radius and surface composition of an exploding massive star, as well as the explosion energy per unit mass, can be measured using early ultraviolet (UV) observations of core-collapse supernovae (CC SNe). We present the results from a simultaneous Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) search for early UV emission from SNe. We analyze five CC SNe for which we obtained near-UV (NUV) measurements before the first ground-based R-band detection. We introduce SOPRANOS, a new maximum likelihood fitting tool for models with variable temporal validity windows, and use it to fit the Sapir Waxman shock-cooling model to the data. We report four Type II SNe with progenitor radii in the range of R ? ? 600-1100 R and a shock velocity parameter in the range of v s? ? 2700-6000 km s-1 (E/M ? 2-8 × 1050 erg/M ) and one Type IIb SN with R ? ? 210 R and v s? ? 11,000 km s-1 (E/M ? 1.8 × 1051 erg/M ). Our pilot GALEX/PTF project thus suggests that a dedicated, systematic SN survey in the NUV band, such as the wide-field UV explorer ULTRASAT mission, is a compelling method to study the properties of SN progenitors and SN energetics.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 71 |
| Journal | Astrophysical Journal |
| Volume | 931 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 May 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
Funding
M.M.K. acknowledges generous support from the David and Lucille Packard Foundation. S.S. acknowledges support from the G.R.E.A.T research environment, funded by Vetenskapsrådet, the Swedish Research Council, project number 2016-06012. E.O.O. is grateful for the support by grants from the Israel Science Foundation, Minerva, Israeli Ministry of Technology and Science, the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Weizmann-UK, Weizmann-Yale, the Weizmann-Caltech grants, the Norman E. Alexander Family M. Foundation ULTRASAT Data Center Fund, Jonathan Beare, André Deloro Institute for Space and Optics Research, Schwartz/Reisman Collaborative Science Program, and the Willner Family Leadership Institute for the Weizmann Institute of Science. A.G.Y. is supported by the EU via ERC grant No. 725161, the ISF GW excellence center, an IMOS space infrastructure grant and BSF/Transformative and GIF grants, as well as the André Deloro Institute for Advanced Research in Space and Optics, The Helen Kimmel Center for Planetary Science, the Schwartz/Reisman Collaborative Science Program, and the Norman E Alexander Family M Foundation ULTRASAT Data Center Fund, Minerva and Yeda-Sela; A.G.Y. is the incumbent of the The Arlyn Imberman Professorial Chair.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| André Deloro Institute for Advanced Research in Space and Optics, The Helen Kimmel Center for Planetary Science | |
| Schwartz/Reisman Collaborative Science Program | |
| Weizmann-Yale | |
| Willner Family Leadership Institute for the Weizmann Institute of Science | |
| David and Lucile Packard Foundation | |
| European Commission | |
| European Commission | 725161 |
| Minerva Foundation | |
| German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development | |
| United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation | |
| Israel Science Foundation | |
| Vetenskapsrådet | 2016-06012 |
| Ministry of science and technology, Israel |