The false memory and the mirror effects: The role of familiarity and backward association in creating false recollections

David Anaki; Yifat Faran; Dorit Ben-Shalom; Avishai Henik

doi:10.1016/j.jml.2004.08.002

The false memory and the mirror effects: The role of familiarity and backward association in creating false recollections

David Anaki, Yifat Faran, Dorit Ben-Shalom, Avishai Henik

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

The mirror effect refers to a phenomenon where the hit rate is higher for low frequency words while the false alarm rate is higher for high frequency distractors. Using a false memory paradigm (Roediger & McDermott, 1995), we examined whether false memory for non-presented lures would be influenced by the lure's familiarity. The results revealed that false memory levels for low familiarity lures were higher than that for high familiarity lures, but only when the backward association strength between the presented list's words and the lure was high. The veridical memory for the presented words also revealed greater accuracy for low familiarity words. In contrast, higher false alarms were observed for high frequency unrelated distractors. These results are discussed in light of current theories of the false memory effect, and it is suggested that they support an activation/monitoring account of the effect, according to which non-presented lures are activated during encoding.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	87-102
Number of pages	16
Journal	Journal of Memory and Language
Volume	52
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2004.08.002
State	Published - Jan 2005
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We express our appreciation to Patrick Davidson, Roddy Roediger, Mieke Verfaellie, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions on earlier version of the article. We thank Limor Riven and Tal Bar for their help in running the experiments. This research was supported in part by the Kreitman Doctoral Fellowship to D. Anaki and the Israel Science Foundation, founded by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities to A. Henik. The first two authors contributed equally to this study.

Funding

We express our appreciation to Patrick Davidson, Roddy Roediger, Mieke Verfaellie, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions on earlier version of the article. We thank Limor Riven and Tal Bar for their help in running the experiments. This research was supported in part by the Kreitman Doctoral Fellowship to D. Anaki and the Israel Science Foundation, founded by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities to A. Henik. The first two authors contributed equally to this study.

Funders	Funder number
Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Israel Science Foundation

Keywords

Backward association
False memory
Familiarity
Mirror effect

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10.1016/j.jml.2004.08.002

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abstract = "The mirror effect refers to a phenomenon where the hit rate is higher for low frequency words while the false alarm rate is higher for high frequency distractors. Using a false memory paradigm (Roediger & McDermott, 1995), we examined whether false memory for non-presented lures would be influenced by the lure's familiarity. The results revealed that false memory levels for low familiarity lures were higher than that for high familiarity lures, but only when the backward association strength between the presented list's words and the lure was high. The veridical memory for the presented words also revealed greater accuracy for low familiarity words. In contrast, higher false alarms were observed for high frequency unrelated distractors. These results are discussed in light of current theories of the false memory effect, and it is suggested that they support an activation/monitoring account of the effect, according to which non-presented lures are activated during encoding.",

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The false memory and the mirror effects: The role of familiarity and backward association in creating false recollections

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Keywords

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