| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 151-184 |
| Number of pages | 34 |
| Journal | World Politics |
| Volume | 46 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1994 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:* Field research for this project was partially funded by a grant from the Howard Heinz Endowment. A preliminary version of this paper was first presented at "Mexico's National Solidarity Program: A Preliminary Assessment," Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego, February 25, 1992. Thanks to Josefina Aranda, Suzanne Berger, Joshua Cohen, Denise Dresser, Manuel Fernandez, Paul Haber, Luis Hernandez, Kevin Middlebrook, Julio Moguel, Frances Fox Piven, Pablo Policzer, Jennie Purnell, Richard Sa-muels, Jonathan Schlefer, Ben Ross Schneider, Miguel Tejero, and John Waterbury, as well as many indigenous leaders, government officials, and NGO activists who remain anonymous. 1 In Karl's terms, this is a middle-range definition of democracy, in that it falls between the narrow Schumpeterian range of contestation needed for strictly intraelite competition and approaches that depend on particular socioeconomic or participatory outcomes. See Terry Lynn Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," Comparative Politics 23 (October 1990). 2Democratization is defined here as the process of movement toward these conditions, while the consolidation of a democratic regime requires fulfilling all of them. Regimes can therefore be in transition to democracy—further along than liberalization—but still fall short of a democratic threshold. For further discussion, see Scott Mainwaring, Guillermo O'Don-nell, and J. Samuel Valenzuela, eds., Issues in Democratic Consolidation (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1992).