Abstract
One of the most universally accepted facts about autism is that it is heterogenous. Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder have a wide range of behavioral presentations and a variety of co-occurring medical and mental health conditions. The identification of more homogenous subgroups is likely to lead to a better understanding of etiologies as well as more targeted interventions and treatments. In 2006, we initiated the UC Davis MIND Institute Autism Phenome Project (APP) with the overarching goal of identifying clinically meaningful subtypes of autism. This ongoing longitudinal multidisciplinary study now includes over 400 children and involves comprehensive medical, behavioral, and neuroimaging assessments from early childhood through adolescence (2–19 years of age). We have employed several strategies to identify sub-populations within autistic individuals: subgrouping by neural, biological, behavioral or clinical characteristics as well as by developmental trajectories. In this Mini Review, we summarize findings to date from the APP cohort and describe progress made toward identifying meaningful subgroups of autism.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 786220 |
Journal | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
Volume | 15 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2021 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:Copyright © 2022 Nordahl, Andrews, Dwyer, Waizbard-Bartov, Restrepo, Lee, Heath, Saron, Rivera, Solomon, Ashwood and Amaral.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant Nos. R01MH104438 to CWN, R01MH103284 to MS, and R01MH103371 to DGA), UC Davis MIND Institute Autism Center of Excellence (Grant No. P50HD093079 to DGA), and the MIND Institute Autism Research Training Program (Grant No. T32MH073124 to DSA). JL was also supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant Nos. R01MH104438 to CWN, R01MH103284 to MS, and R01MH103371 to DGA), UC Davis MIND Institute Autism Center of Excellence (Grant No. P50HD093079 to DGA), and the MIND Institute Autism Research Training Program (Grant No. T32MH073124 to DSA). JL was also supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under the Autism Intervention Research Network on Physical Health (AIR−P) (Grant No. UT2MC39440). The information, content and/or conclusions are those of the authors and should not be construed as the official position or policy of, nor should any endorsements be inferred by HRSA, HHS or the United States Government.
Funders | Funder number |
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MIND Institute Autism Research Training Program | T32MH073124 |
UC Davis MIND Institute Autism Center of Excellence | P50HD093079 |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | UT2MC39440 |
National Institute of Mental Health | R01MH103371, R01MH104438, R01MH103284 |
Health Resources and Services Administration |
Keywords
- ERP
- MRI
- autism
- development
- females
- gastrointestinal
- heterogeneity
- immune