Surface oxidation of liquid Sn

Alexei Grigoriev; Oleg Shpyrko; Christoph Steimer; Peter S. Pershan; Benjamin M. Ocko; Moshe Deutsch; Binhua Lin; Mati Meron; Timothy Graber; Jeffrey Gebhardt

doi:10.1016/j.susc.2004.10.034

Surface oxidation of liquid Sn

Alexei Grigoriev, Oleg Shpyrko, Christoph Steimer, Peter S. Pershan, Benjamin M. Ocko, Moshe Deutsch, Binhua Lin, Mati Meron, Timothy Graber, Jeffrey Gebhardt

Department of Physics - at Bar-Ilan University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

21 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report the results of an X-ray scattering study that reveals oxidation kinetics and formation of a previously unreported crystalline phase of SnO at the liquid-vapour interface of Sn. Our experiments reveal that the pure liquid Sn surface does not react with molecular oxygen below an activation pressure of ∼5.0 × 10^-6 Torr. Above that pressure a rough solid Sn oxide grows over the liquid metal surface. Once the activation pressure has been exceeded the oxidation proceeds at pressures below the oxidation pressure threshold. The observed diffraction pattern associated with the surface oxidation does not match any of the known Sn oxide phases. The data have an explicit signature of the face-centred cubic structure, however it requires lattice parameters that are about 9% smaller than those reported for cubic structures of high-pressure phases of Sn oxides.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	223-232
Number of pages	10
Journal	Surface Science
Volume	575
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.10.034
State	Published - 1 Feb 2005

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Grants No. DE-FG02-88-ER45379 and DE-AC02-98CH10886, the National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-01-12494, and the U.S.–Israel Binational Science Foundation, Jerusalem. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 at the Advanced Photon Source is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under the grant number CHE0087817. The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38.

Funding

This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Grants No. DE-FG02-88-ER45379 and DE-AC02-98CH10886, the National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-01-12494, and the U.S.–Israel Binational Science Foundation, Jerusalem. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 at the Advanced Photon Source is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under the grant number CHE0087817. The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38.

Funders	Funder number
National Science Foundation	DMR-01-12494
U.S. Department of Energy	DE-AC02-98CH10886, CHE0087817, DE-FG02-88-ER45379
Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences	0087817
Office of Science	W-31-109-Eng-38
Basic Energy Sciences
United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation

Keywords

Liquid surfaces
Oxidation
Polycrystalline thin films
Surface chemical reaction
Surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography
Tin
Tin oxides
X-ray scattering, diffraction, and reflection

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10.1016/j.susc.2004.10.034

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title = "Surface oxidation of liquid Sn",

abstract = "We report the results of an X-ray scattering study that reveals oxidation kinetics and formation of a previously unreported crystalline phase of SnO at the liquid-vapour interface of Sn. Our experiments reveal that the pure liquid Sn surface does not react with molecular oxygen below an activation pressure of ∼5.0 × 10-6 Torr. Above that pressure a rough solid Sn oxide grows over the liquid metal surface. Once the activation pressure has been exceeded the oxidation proceeds at pressures below the oxidation pressure threshold. The observed diffraction pattern associated with the surface oxidation does not match any of the known Sn oxide phases. The data have an explicit signature of the face-centred cubic structure, however it requires lattice parameters that are about 9% smaller than those reported for cubic structures of high-pressure phases of Sn oxides.",

keywords = "Liquid surfaces, Oxidation, Polycrystalline thin films, Surface chemical reaction, Surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography, Tin, Tin oxides, X-ray scattering, diffraction, and reflection",

author = "Alexei Grigoriev and Oleg Shpyrko and Christoph Steimer and Pershan, {Peter S.} and Ocko, {Benjamin M.} and Moshe Deutsch and Binhua Lin and Mati Meron and Timothy Graber and Jeffrey Gebhardt",

note = "Funding Information: This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Grants No. DE-FG02-88-ER45379 and DE-AC02-98CH10886, the National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-01-12494, and the U.S.–Israel Binational Science Foundation, Jerusalem. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 at the Advanced Photon Source is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under the grant number CHE0087817. The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38.",

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AU - Deutsch, Moshe

AU - Lin, Binhua

AU - Meron, Mati

AU - Graber, Timothy

AU - Gebhardt, Jeffrey

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PY - 2005/2/1

Y1 - 2005/2/1

N2 - We report the results of an X-ray scattering study that reveals oxidation kinetics and formation of a previously unreported crystalline phase of SnO at the liquid-vapour interface of Sn. Our experiments reveal that the pure liquid Sn surface does not react with molecular oxygen below an activation pressure of ∼5.0 × 10-6 Torr. Above that pressure a rough solid Sn oxide grows over the liquid metal surface. Once the activation pressure has been exceeded the oxidation proceeds at pressures below the oxidation pressure threshold. The observed diffraction pattern associated with the surface oxidation does not match any of the known Sn oxide phases. The data have an explicit signature of the face-centred cubic structure, however it requires lattice parameters that are about 9% smaller than those reported for cubic structures of high-pressure phases of Sn oxides.

AB - We report the results of an X-ray scattering study that reveals oxidation kinetics and formation of a previously unreported crystalline phase of SnO at the liquid-vapour interface of Sn. Our experiments reveal that the pure liquid Sn surface does not react with molecular oxygen below an activation pressure of ∼5.0 × 10-6 Torr. Above that pressure a rough solid Sn oxide grows over the liquid metal surface. Once the activation pressure has been exceeded the oxidation proceeds at pressures below the oxidation pressure threshold. The observed diffraction pattern associated with the surface oxidation does not match any of the known Sn oxide phases. The data have an explicit signature of the face-centred cubic structure, however it requires lattice parameters that are about 9% smaller than those reported for cubic structures of high-pressure phases of Sn oxides.

KW - Liquid surfaces

KW - Oxidation

KW - Polycrystalline thin films

KW - Surface chemical reaction

KW - Surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography

KW - Tin

KW - Tin oxides

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Surface oxidation of liquid Sn

Abstract

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Keywords

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