Surface modifications of carbon nanodots reveal the chemical source of their bright fluorescence

Asmita Dutta, Shimon T.Y. Trolles-Cavalcante, Annie Cleetus, Vered Marks, Alex Schechter, Richard D. Webster, Arie Borenstein

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Fluorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) have drawn increasing attention in recent years. These cost-effective and eco-friendly nanomaterials with bright fluorescence have been investigated as promising materials for electrooptic and bioimaging applications. However, the chemical source stimulating their strong fluorescence has not been completely identified to date. Depending on the chemical composition, two absorption peaks are observed in the visible range. In this study, we applied selected chemical modifications to CNDs in order to elucidate the correlation between the chemical structure and optical behavior of CNDs. Varying the amount of acetic acid in the synthesis process resulted in different effects on the absorbance and fluorescence photo-spectra. Specifically, at a low concentration (10%), the fluorescence is dramatically red shifted from 340 to 405 nm. Comprehensive characterization of the chemical modification by FTIR and XPS allows identification of the role of acetic acid in the reaction mechanism leading to the modified photoactivity. The functional group responsible for the 405 nm peak was identified as HPPT. We describe a chemical mechanism involving acetic acid that leads to an increased concentration of HPPT groups on the surface of the CNDs. Applying two additional independent chemical and consequently optical modifications namely solution pH and annealing on the nanodots further supports our proposed explanation. Understanding the molecular origin of CND fluorescence may promote the design and control of effective CND fluorescence in optical applications.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)716-724
Number of pages9
JournalNanoscale Advances
Volume3
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - 10 Feb 2021
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the help of Dr Tatiana Bendikov from the Weizmann Institute and Mr Ran Attias from Bar-Ilan University for ancillary XPS measurements, and of Dr Eti Telbum from Bar-Ilan University for the AFM measurements.

FundersFunder number
Mr Ran Attias
Weizmann Institute
Bar-Ilan University

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