TY - GEN
T1 - Subquadratic time approximation algorithms for the girth
AU - Roditty, Liam
AU - Vassilevska Williams, Virginia
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - We study the problem of determining the girth of an unweighted undirected graph. We obtain several new efficient approximation algorithms for graphs with n nodes and m edges and unknown girth g. We consider additive and multiplicative approximations. Additive Approximations. We present: • an Õ(n 3/m)-time algorithm which returns a cycle of length at most g + 2 if g is even and g + 3 if g is odd. This complements the seminal work of Itai and Rodeh [SIAM J. Computing'78] who gave an algorithm that in O(n2) time finds a cycle of length g if g is even, and g + 1 if g is odd. • an Õ(n3/m)-time algorithm which returns a cycle of length at most g′ + 2, where g′ is the length of the shortest even cycle in G. This result complements the work of Yuster and Zwick [SIAM J. Discrete Math'97] who showed how to compute g′ in O(n2) time. Multiplicative Approximations. We present: • an Õ(n5/3)-time algorithm which returns a cycle of length at most 3g/2 + z/2 when g is even and 3g/2 + z/2 + 1 when g is odd, where z = -g mod 4, z ∈ {0,1,2,3}. This gives an Õ(n5/3)-time 2-approximation for the girth, the first subquadratic 2-approximation algorithm, resolving an open question of Lingas and Lundell [IPL'09]. • an O(n1.968)-time (8/5)-approximation algorithm for the girth in graphs with girth at least 4 (i.e., triangle-free graphs). This is the first subquadratic time (2 - ε)-approximation algorithm for the girth for triangle-free graphs, for any ε > 0. We prove that a deterministic algorithm of this kind is not possible for directed graphs, thus showing a strong separation between undirected and directed graphs for girth approximation.
AB - We study the problem of determining the girth of an unweighted undirected graph. We obtain several new efficient approximation algorithms for graphs with n nodes and m edges and unknown girth g. We consider additive and multiplicative approximations. Additive Approximations. We present: • an Õ(n 3/m)-time algorithm which returns a cycle of length at most g + 2 if g is even and g + 3 if g is odd. This complements the seminal work of Itai and Rodeh [SIAM J. Computing'78] who gave an algorithm that in O(n2) time finds a cycle of length g if g is even, and g + 1 if g is odd. • an Õ(n3/m)-time algorithm which returns a cycle of length at most g′ + 2, where g′ is the length of the shortest even cycle in G. This result complements the work of Yuster and Zwick [SIAM J. Discrete Math'97] who showed how to compute g′ in O(n2) time. Multiplicative Approximations. We present: • an Õ(n5/3)-time algorithm which returns a cycle of length at most 3g/2 + z/2 when g is even and 3g/2 + z/2 + 1 when g is odd, where z = -g mod 4, z ∈ {0,1,2,3}. This gives an Õ(n5/3)-time 2-approximation for the girth, the first subquadratic 2-approximation algorithm, resolving an open question of Lingas and Lundell [IPL'09]. • an O(n1.968)-time (8/5)-approximation algorithm for the girth in graphs with girth at least 4 (i.e., triangle-free graphs). This is the first subquadratic time (2 - ε)-approximation algorithm for the girth for triangle-free graphs, for any ε > 0. We prove that a deterministic algorithm of this kind is not possible for directed graphs, thus showing a strong separation between undirected and directed graphs for girth approximation.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84860212942&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1137/1.9781611973099.67
DO - 10.1137/1.9781611973099.67
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AN - SCOPUS:84860212942
SN - 9781611972108
T3 - Proceedings of the Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms
SP - 833
EP - 845
BT - Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, SODA 2012
PB - Association for Computing Machinery
T2 - 23rd Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, SODA 2012
Y2 - 17 January 2012 through 19 January 2012
ER -