Strategy, autonomy, planning mode and effectiveness: A contingency study of business schools

The aim of this project was to investigate whether combinations of strategies, planning modes and levels of autonomy are associated with superior college effectiveness relative to other combinations of these variables. It was hypothesized that a college pursuing a prospector strategy - with an emphasis on continuously seeking new client segments and/or developing new offerings - would be more effective with longer-term and more externally oriented planning, and with more autonomy for its dean. Conversely, a college pursuing a defender strategy - relying on traditional client segments and offerings - would be more effective with shorter-term and more internally oriented planning, and with less autonomy for its dean. Generally, the hypotheses pertaining to the prospector-type strategy were supported, while those involving the defender strategy were not supported. Discusses implications for practitioners and researchers.