Spice, Matlab, and Cadence Simulation of CPE Behavioral Modeling

This paper proposes a PSpice behavioral modelling of the constant phase element (CPE) in the fractional order circuits. The model utilizes standard controlled sources, and the definition of the Laplace variable within them is provided in the form of formulas. Several examples of circuits using CPEs, such as low-pass and high-pass filters, and Randel's circuit, are provided in the programs OrCAD PSpice and Cadence Virtuoso. In Cadence Virtuoso, behavioral modelling is performed as transfer functions that approximate CPE and filter examples using the Verilog-A programming language. The results obtained from the simulations are then compared to those from MATLAB. The behavioral modeling has the advantage of operating over an infinitely wide frequency range. This is not the case for the ladder CPE, which can only operate on the limited frequency range.