Social variables predict gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years in children with birth weights 500 to 1250 grams

Brett J. Manley; Robin S. Roberts; Lex W. Doyle; Barbara Schmidt; Peter J. Anderson; Keith J. Barrington; Birgitta Böhm; Agneta Golan; Aleid G. Van Wassenaer-Leemhuis; Peter G. Davis; Judy D'Ilario; Janice Cairnie; Joanne Dix; Beth Anne Adams; Erin Warriner; Mee Hai Marie Kim; Brenda Argus; Catherine Callanan; Julianne Duff; Marion McDonald; Elizabeth Asztalos; Denise Hohn; Maralyn Lacy; Ross Haslam; Christopher Barnett; Louise Goodchild; Rosslyn Marie Lontis; Simon Fraser; Julie Keng; Kerryn Saunders; Gillian Opie; Elaine Kelly; Heather Woods; Emma Marchant; Anne Marie Turner; Noni Davis; Emma Magrath; Amanda Williamson; Aida Bairam; Sylvie Belanger; Annie Fraser; Marc Blayney; Brigitte Lemyre; Jane Frank; Alfonso Solimano; Anne Synnes; Ruth E. Grunau; Philippa Hubber-Richard; Marilyn Rogers; Margot Mackay; Julianne Petrie-Thomas; Arsalan Butt; Aleid Van Wassenaer; Debbie Nuytemans; Bregje Houtzager; Loekie Van Sonderen; Rivka Regev; Netter Itzchack; Shmuel Arnon; Adiba Chalaf; Arne Ohlsson; Karel O'Brien; Anne Marie Hamilton; May Lee Chan; Koravangattu Sankaran; Pat Proctor; Esther Goldsch-Lerman; Graham Reynolds; Barbara Dromgool; Sandra Meskell; Vanessa Parr; Catherine Maher; Margaret Broom; Zsuzsoka Kecskes; Cathy Ringland; Douglas McMillan; Elizabeth Spellen; Reginald S. Sauve; Heather Christianson; Deborah Anseeuw-Deeks; Dianne Creighton; Jennifer Heath; Ruben Alvaro; Aaron Chiu; Ceceile Porter; Gloria Turner; Diane Moddemann; Naomi Granke; Karen Penner; Jane Bow; Antonius Mulder; Renske Wassenberg; Markus Van Der Hoeven; Maxine Clarke; Judy Parfitt; Kevin Parker; Chukwuma Nwaesei; Heather Ryan; Cory Saunders; Andreas Schulze; Inga Wermuth; Anne Hilgendorff; Andreas W. Flemmer; Eric Herlenius; Lena Legnevall; Hugo Lagercrantz; Derek Matthew; Wendy Amos; Suresh Tulsiani; Cherrie Tan-Dy; Marilyn Turner; Constance Phelan; Eric S. Shinwell; Michael Levine; Ada Juster-Reicher; May Khairy; Patricia Grier; Julie Vachon; Larissa Perepolkin; Sunil Kumar Sinha; Win Tin; Susan Fritz; Herve Walti; Diane Royer; Henry Halliday; David Millar; Clifford Mayes; Christopher McCusker; Olivia McLaughlin; Hubert Fahnenstich; Bettina Tillmann; Peter Weber; Unni Wariyar; Nicholas Embleton; Ravi Swamy; Hans U. Bucher; Jean Claude Fauchere; Vera Dietz; Chidambara Harikumar; Deborah Dewey; Michael Gent; William Fraser; Edmund Hey; Max Perlman; Kevin Thorpe; Shari Gray; Carole Chambers; Lorrie Costantini; Wendy Yacura; Erin McGean; Lori Scapinello

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.016

Social variables predict gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years in children with birth weights 500 to 1250 grams

Brett J. Manley, Robin S. Roberts, Lex W. Doyle, Barbara Schmidt, Peter J. Anderson, Keith J. Barrington, Birgitta Böhm, Agneta Golan, Aleid G. Van Wassenaer-Leemhuis, Peter G. Davis, Judy D'Ilario, Janice Cairnie, Joanne Dix, Beth Anne Adams, Erin Warriner, Mee Hai Marie Kim, Brenda Argus, Catherine Callanan, Julianne Duff, Marion McDonaldElizabeth Asztalos, Denise Hohn, Maralyn Lacy, Ross Haslam, Christopher Barnett, Louise Goodchild, Rosslyn Marie Lontis, Simon Fraser, Julie Keng, Kerryn Saunders, Gillian Opie, Elaine Kelly, Heather Woods, Emma Marchant, Anne Marie Turner, Noni Davis, Emma Magrath, Amanda Williamson, Aida Bairam, Sylvie Belanger, Annie Fraser, Marc Blayney, Brigitte Lemyre, Jane Frank, Alfonso Solimano, Anne Synnes, Ruth E. Grunau, Philippa Hubber-Richard, Marilyn Rogers, Margot Mackay, Julianne Petrie-Thomas, Arsalan Butt, Aleid Van Wassenaer, Debbie Nuytemans, Bregje Houtzager, Loekie Van Sonderen, Rivka Regev, Netter Itzchack, Shmuel Arnon, Adiba Chalaf, Arne Ohlsson, Karel O'Brien, Anne Marie Hamilton, May Lee Chan, Koravangattu Sankaran, Pat Proctor, Esther Goldsch-Lerman, Graham Reynolds, Barbara Dromgool, Sandra Meskell, Vanessa Parr, Catherine Maher, Margaret Broom, Zsuzsoka Kecskes, Cathy Ringland, Douglas McMillan, Elizabeth Spellen, Reginald S. Sauve, Heather Christianson, Deborah Anseeuw-Deeks, Dianne Creighton, Jennifer Heath, Ruben Alvaro, Aaron Chiu, Ceceile Porter, Gloria Turner, Diane Moddemann, Naomi Granke, Karen Penner, Jane Bow, Antonius Mulder, Renske Wassenberg, Markus Van Der Hoeven, Maxine Clarke, Judy Parfitt, Kevin Parker, Chukwuma Nwaesei, Heather Ryan, Cory Saunders, Andreas Schulze, Inga Wermuth, Anne Hilgendorff, Andreas W. Flemmer, Eric Herlenius, Lena Legnevall, Hugo Lagercrantz, Derek Matthew, Wendy Amos, Suresh Tulsiani, Cherrie Tan-Dy, Marilyn Turner, Constance Phelan, Eric S. Shinwell, Michael Levine, Ada Juster-Reicher, May Khairy, Patricia Grier, Julie Vachon, Larissa Perepolkin, Sunil Kumar Sinha, Win Tin, Susan Fritz, Herve Walti, Diane Royer, Henry Halliday, David Millar, Clifford Mayes, Christopher McCusker, Olivia McLaughlin, Hubert Fahnenstich, Bettina Tillmann, Peter Weber, Unni Wariyar, Nicholas Embleton, Ravi Swamy, Hans U. Bucher, Jean Claude Fauchere, Vera Dietz, Chidambara Harikumar, Deborah Dewey, Michael Gent, William Fraser, Edmund Hey, Max Perlman, Kevin Thorpe, Shari Gray, Carole Chambers, Lorrie Costantini, Wendy Yacura, Erin McGean, Lori Scapinello

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

43 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective To determine the extent that social variables influence cognitive development of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants across the preschool years. Study design Participants were VLBW (500-1250 g) children enrolled in the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity randomized trial between 1999 and 2004. We investigated the relationships between 4 potential social advantages: higher maternal education, higher paternal education, caregiver employment, and 2 biologic parents in the same home'and gain in cognitive scores. Cognitive assessments were performed at the corrected ages of 18 months (Mental Development Index score on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and 5 years (Full Scale IQ on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III). Cognitive gain was computed by subtracting each individual 18-month Mental Development Index score from the corresponding Full Scale IQ at 5 years. Results Data were available for 1347 children. Mean (SD) cognitive scores were 90.8 (15.7) at 18 months and 98.9 (14.5) at 5 years. Multivariable regression showed that higher maternal education, higher paternal education, and caregiver employment had independent and additive effects of similar size on cognitive gain (P < .001); the mean cognitive gain between 18 months and 5 years increased by 3.6 points in the presence of each of these advantages. When all 3 were present, cognitive scores improved on average by 10.9 points compared with children without any of these advantages. Conclusion In VLBW children, a count of 3 social advantages strongly predicts gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	870-876.e2
Journal	Journal of Pediatrics
Volume	166
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.016
State	Published - Apr 2015
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

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Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.016

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Manley, B. J., Roberts, R. S., Doyle, L. W., Schmidt, B., Anderson, P. J., Barrington, K. J., Böhm, B., Golan, A., Van Wassenaer-Leemhuis, A. G., Davis, P. G., D'Ilario, J., Cairnie, J., Dix, J., Adams, B. A., Warriner, E., Kim, M. H. M., Argus, B., Callanan, C., Duff, J., ... Scapinello, L. (2015). Social variables predict gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years in children with birth weights 500 to 1250 grams. Journal of Pediatrics, 166(4), 870-876.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.016

@article{6138fe367bd046bb835230fdc51d11d4,

title = "Social variables predict gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years in children with birth weights 500 to 1250 grams",

abstract = "Objective To determine the extent that social variables influence cognitive development of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants across the preschool years. Study design Participants were VLBW (500-1250 g) children enrolled in the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity randomized trial between 1999 and 2004. We investigated the relationships between 4 potential social advantages: higher maternal education, higher paternal education, caregiver employment, and 2 biologic parents in the same home'and gain in cognitive scores. Cognitive assessments were performed at the corrected ages of 18 months (Mental Development Index score on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and 5 years (Full Scale IQ on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III). Cognitive gain was computed by subtracting each individual 18-month Mental Development Index score from the corresponding Full Scale IQ at 5 years. Results Data were available for 1347 children. Mean (SD) cognitive scores were 90.8 (15.7) at 18 months and 98.9 (14.5) at 5 years. Multivariable regression showed that higher maternal education, higher paternal education, and caregiver employment had independent and additive effects of similar size on cognitive gain (P < .001); the mean cognitive gain between 18 months and 5 years increased by 3.6 points in the presence of each of these advantages. When all 3 were present, cognitive scores improved on average by 10.9 points compared with children without any of these advantages. Conclusion In VLBW children, a count of 3 social advantages strongly predicts gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years.",

author = "Manley, {Brett J.} and Roberts, {Robin S.} and Doyle, {Lex W.} and Barbara Schmidt and Anderson, {Peter J.} and Barrington, {Keith J.} and Birgitta B{\"o}hm and Agneta Golan and {Van Wassenaer-Leemhuis}, {Aleid G.} and Davis, {Peter G.} and Judy D'Ilario and Janice Cairnie and Joanne Dix and Adams, {Beth Anne} and Erin Warriner and Kim, {Mee Hai Marie} and Brenda Argus and Catherine Callanan and Julianne Duff and Marion McDonald and Elizabeth Asztalos and Denise Hohn and Maralyn Lacy and Ross Haslam and Christopher Barnett and Louise Goodchild and Lontis, {Rosslyn Marie} and Simon Fraser and Julie Keng and Kerryn Saunders and Gillian Opie and Elaine Kelly and Heather Woods and Emma Marchant and Turner, {Anne Marie} and Noni Davis and Emma Magrath and Amanda Williamson and Aida Bairam and Sylvie Belanger and Annie Fraser and Marc Blayney and Brigitte Lemyre and Jane Frank and Alfonso Solimano and Anne Synnes and Grunau, {Ruth E.} and Philippa Hubber-Richard and Marilyn Rogers and Margot Mackay and Julianne Petrie-Thomas and Arsalan Butt and {Van Wassenaer}, Aleid and Debbie Nuytemans and Bregje Houtzager and {Van Sonderen}, Loekie and Rivka Regev and Netter Itzchack and Shmuel Arnon and Adiba Chalaf and Arne Ohlsson and Karel O'Brien and Hamilton, {Anne Marie} and Chan, {May Lee} and Koravangattu Sankaran and Pat Proctor and Esther Goldsch-Lerman and Graham Reynolds and Barbara Dromgool and Sandra Meskell and Vanessa Parr and Catherine Maher and Margaret Broom and Zsuzsoka Kecskes and Cathy Ringland and Douglas McMillan and Elizabeth Spellen and Sauve, {Reginald S.} and Heather Christianson and Deborah Anseeuw-Deeks and Dianne Creighton and Jennifer Heath and Ruben Alvaro and Aaron Chiu and Ceceile Porter and Gloria Turner and Diane Moddemann and Naomi Granke and Karen Penner and Jane Bow and Antonius Mulder and Renske Wassenberg and {Van Der Hoeven}, Markus and Maxine Clarke and Judy Parfitt and Kevin Parker and Chukwuma Nwaesei and Heather Ryan and Cory Saunders and Andreas Schulze and Inga Wermuth and Anne Hilgendorff and Flemmer, {Andreas W.} and Eric Herlenius and Lena Legnevall and Hugo Lagercrantz and Derek Matthew and Wendy Amos and Suresh Tulsiani and Cherrie Tan-Dy and Marilyn Turner and Constance Phelan and Shinwell, {Eric S.} and Michael Levine and Ada Juster-Reicher and May Khairy and Patricia Grier and Julie Vachon and Larissa Perepolkin and Sinha, {Sunil Kumar} and Win Tin and Susan Fritz and Herve Walti and Diane Royer and Henry Halliday and David Millar and Clifford Mayes and Christopher McCusker and Olivia McLaughlin and Hubert Fahnenstich and Bettina Tillmann and Peter Weber and Unni Wariyar and Nicholas Embleton and Ravi Swamy and Bucher, {Hans U.} and Fauchere, {Jean Claude} and Vera Dietz and Chidambara Harikumar and Deborah Dewey and Michael Gent and William Fraser and Edmund Hey and Max Perlman and Kevin Thorpe and Shari Gray and Carole Chambers and Lorrie Costantini and Wendy Yacura and Erin McGean and Lori Scapinello",

year = "2015",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.016",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "166",

pages = "870--876.e2",

journal = "Journal of Pediatrics",

issn = "0022-3476",

publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",

number = "4",

}

Manley, BJ, Roberts, RS, Doyle, LW, Schmidt, B, Anderson, PJ, Barrington, KJ, Böhm, B, Golan, A, Van Wassenaer-Leemhuis, AG, Davis, PG, D'Ilario, J, Cairnie, J, Dix, J, Adams, BA, Warriner, E, Kim, MHM, Argus, B, Callanan, C, Duff, J, McDonald, M, Asztalos, E, Hohn, D, Lacy, M, Haslam, R, Barnett, C, Goodchild, L, Lontis, RM, Fraser, S, Keng, J, Saunders, K, Opie, G, Kelly, E, Woods, H, Marchant, E, Turner, AM, Davis, N, Magrath, E, Williamson, A, Bairam, A, Belanger, S, Fraser, A, Blayney, M, Lemyre, B, Frank, J, Solimano, A, Synnes, A, Grunau, RE, Hubber-Richard, P, Rogers, M, Mackay, M, Petrie-Thomas, J, Butt, A, Van Wassenaer, A, Nuytemans, D, Houtzager, B, Van Sonderen, L, Regev, R, Itzchack, N, Arnon, S, Chalaf, A, Ohlsson, A, O'Brien, K, Hamilton, AM, Chan, ML, Sankaran, K, Proctor, P, Goldsch-Lerman, E, Reynolds, G, Dromgool, B, Meskell, S, Parr, V, Maher, C, Broom, M, Kecskes, Z, Ringland, C, McMillan, D, Spellen, E, Sauve, RS, Christianson, H, Anseeuw-Deeks, D, Creighton, D, Heath, J, Alvaro, R, Chiu, A, Porter, C, Turner, G, Moddemann, D, Granke, N, Penner, K, Bow, J, Mulder, A, Wassenberg, R, Van Der Hoeven, M, Clarke, M, Parfitt, J, Parker, K, Nwaesei, C, Ryan, H, Saunders, C, Schulze, A, Wermuth, I, Hilgendorff, A, Flemmer, AW, Herlenius, E, Legnevall, L, Lagercrantz, H, Matthew, D, Amos, W, Tulsiani, S, Tan-Dy, C, Turner, M, Phelan, C, Shinwell, ES, Levine, M, Juster-Reicher, A, Khairy, M, Grier, P, Vachon, J, Perepolkin, L, Sinha, SK, Tin, W, Fritz, S, Walti, H, Royer, D, Halliday, H, Millar, D, Mayes, C, McCusker, C, McLaughlin, O, Fahnenstich, H, Tillmann, B, Weber, P, Wariyar, U, Embleton, N, Swamy, R, Bucher, HU, Fauchere, JC, Dietz, V, Harikumar, C, Dewey, D, Gent, M, Fraser, W, Hey, E, Perlman, M, Thorpe, K, Gray, S, Chambers, C, Costantini, L, Yacura, W, McGean, E & Scapinello, L 2015, 'Social variables predict gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years in children with birth weights 500 to 1250 grams', Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 166, no. 4, pp. 870-876.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.016

TY - JOUR

T1 - Social variables predict gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years in children with birth weights 500 to 1250 grams

AU - Manley, Brett J.

AU - Roberts, Robin S.

AU - Doyle, Lex W.

AU - Schmidt, Barbara

AU - Anderson, Peter J.

AU - Barrington, Keith J.

AU - Böhm, Birgitta

AU - Golan, Agneta

AU - Van Wassenaer-Leemhuis, Aleid G.

AU - Davis, Peter G.

AU - D'Ilario, Judy

AU - Cairnie, Janice

AU - Dix, Joanne

AU - Adams, Beth Anne

AU - Warriner, Erin

AU - Kim, Mee Hai Marie

AU - Argus, Brenda

AU - Callanan, Catherine

AU - Duff, Julianne

AU - McDonald, Marion

AU - Asztalos, Elizabeth

AU - Hohn, Denise

AU - Lacy, Maralyn

AU - Haslam, Ross

AU - Barnett, Christopher

AU - Goodchild, Louise

AU - Lontis, Rosslyn Marie

AU - Fraser, Simon

AU - Keng, Julie

AU - Saunders, Kerryn

AU - Opie, Gillian

AU - Kelly, Elaine

AU - Woods, Heather

AU - Marchant, Emma

AU - Turner, Anne Marie

AU - Davis, Noni

AU - Magrath, Emma

AU - Williamson, Amanda

AU - Bairam, Aida

AU - Belanger, Sylvie

AU - Fraser, Annie

AU - Blayney, Marc

AU - Lemyre, Brigitte

AU - Frank, Jane

AU - Solimano, Alfonso

AU - Synnes, Anne

AU - Grunau, Ruth E.

AU - Hubber-Richard, Philippa

AU - Rogers, Marilyn

AU - Mackay, Margot

AU - Petrie-Thomas, Julianne

AU - Butt, Arsalan

AU - Van Wassenaer, Aleid

AU - Nuytemans, Debbie

AU - Houtzager, Bregje

AU - Van Sonderen, Loekie

AU - Regev, Rivka

AU - Itzchack, Netter

AU - Arnon, Shmuel

AU - Chalaf, Adiba

AU - Ohlsson, Arne

AU - O'Brien, Karel

AU - Hamilton, Anne Marie

AU - Chan, May Lee

AU - Sankaran, Koravangattu

AU - Proctor, Pat

AU - Goldsch-Lerman, Esther

AU - Reynolds, Graham

AU - Dromgool, Barbara

AU - Meskell, Sandra

AU - Parr, Vanessa

AU - Maher, Catherine

AU - Broom, Margaret

AU - Kecskes, Zsuzsoka

AU - Ringland, Cathy

AU - McMillan, Douglas

AU - Spellen, Elizabeth

AU - Sauve, Reginald S.

AU - Christianson, Heather

AU - Anseeuw-Deeks, Deborah

AU - Creighton, Dianne

AU - Heath, Jennifer

AU - Alvaro, Ruben

AU - Chiu, Aaron

AU - Porter, Ceceile

AU - Turner, Gloria

AU - Moddemann, Diane

AU - Granke, Naomi

AU - Penner, Karen

AU - Bow, Jane

AU - Mulder, Antonius

AU - Wassenberg, Renske

AU - Van Der Hoeven, Markus

AU - Clarke, Maxine

AU - Parfitt, Judy

AU - Parker, Kevin

AU - Nwaesei, Chukwuma

AU - Ryan, Heather

AU - Saunders, Cory

AU - Schulze, Andreas

AU - Wermuth, Inga

AU - Hilgendorff, Anne

AU - Flemmer, Andreas W.

AU - Herlenius, Eric

AU - Legnevall, Lena

AU - Lagercrantz, Hugo

AU - Matthew, Derek

AU - Amos, Wendy

AU - Tulsiani, Suresh

AU - Tan-Dy, Cherrie

AU - Turner, Marilyn

AU - Phelan, Constance

AU - Shinwell, Eric S.

AU - Levine, Michael

AU - Juster-Reicher, Ada

AU - Khairy, May

AU - Grier, Patricia

AU - Vachon, Julie

AU - Perepolkin, Larissa

AU - Sinha, Sunil Kumar

AU - Tin, Win

AU - Fritz, Susan

AU - Walti, Herve

AU - Royer, Diane

AU - Halliday, Henry

AU - Millar, David

AU - Mayes, Clifford

AU - McCusker, Christopher

AU - McLaughlin, Olivia

AU - Fahnenstich, Hubert

AU - Tillmann, Bettina

AU - Weber, Peter

AU - Wariyar, Unni

AU - Embleton, Nicholas

AU - Swamy, Ravi

AU - Bucher, Hans U.

AU - Fauchere, Jean Claude

AU - Dietz, Vera

AU - Harikumar, Chidambara

AU - Dewey, Deborah

AU - Gent, Michael

AU - Fraser, William

AU - Hey, Edmund

AU - Perlman, Max

AU - Thorpe, Kevin

AU - Gray, Shari

AU - Chambers, Carole

AU - Costantini, Lorrie

AU - Yacura, Wendy

AU - McGean, Erin

AU - Scapinello, Lori

PY - 2015/4

Y1 - 2015/4

N2 - Objective To determine the extent that social variables influence cognitive development of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants across the preschool years. Study design Participants were VLBW (500-1250 g) children enrolled in the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity randomized trial between 1999 and 2004. We investigated the relationships between 4 potential social advantages: higher maternal education, higher paternal education, caregiver employment, and 2 biologic parents in the same home'and gain in cognitive scores. Cognitive assessments were performed at the corrected ages of 18 months (Mental Development Index score on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and 5 years (Full Scale IQ on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III). Cognitive gain was computed by subtracting each individual 18-month Mental Development Index score from the corresponding Full Scale IQ at 5 years. Results Data were available for 1347 children. Mean (SD) cognitive scores were 90.8 (15.7) at 18 months and 98.9 (14.5) at 5 years. Multivariable regression showed that higher maternal education, higher paternal education, and caregiver employment had independent and additive effects of similar size on cognitive gain (P < .001); the mean cognitive gain between 18 months and 5 years increased by 3.6 points in the presence of each of these advantages. When all 3 were present, cognitive scores improved on average by 10.9 points compared with children without any of these advantages. Conclusion In VLBW children, a count of 3 social advantages strongly predicts gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years.

AB - Objective To determine the extent that social variables influence cognitive development of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants across the preschool years. Study design Participants were VLBW (500-1250 g) children enrolled in the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity randomized trial between 1999 and 2004. We investigated the relationships between 4 potential social advantages: higher maternal education, higher paternal education, caregiver employment, and 2 biologic parents in the same home'and gain in cognitive scores. Cognitive assessments were performed at the corrected ages of 18 months (Mental Development Index score on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and 5 years (Full Scale IQ on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III). Cognitive gain was computed by subtracting each individual 18-month Mental Development Index score from the corresponding Full Scale IQ at 5 years. Results Data were available for 1347 children. Mean (SD) cognitive scores were 90.8 (15.7) at 18 months and 98.9 (14.5) at 5 years. Multivariable regression showed that higher maternal education, higher paternal education, and caregiver employment had independent and additive effects of similar size on cognitive gain (P < .001); the mean cognitive gain between 18 months and 5 years increased by 3.6 points in the presence of each of these advantages. When all 3 were present, cognitive scores improved on average by 10.9 points compared with children without any of these advantages. Conclusion In VLBW children, a count of 3 social advantages strongly predicts gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84933280241&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.016

DO - 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.016

M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???

C2 - 25641237

AN - SCOPUS:84933280241

SN - 0022-3476

VL - 166

SP - 870-876.e2

JO - Journal of Pediatrics

JF - Journal of Pediatrics

IS - 4

ER -

Social variables predict gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years in children with birth weights 500 to 1250 grams

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