Abstract
Purpose: Social media use (SMU) has become an intrinsic part of adolescent life. Negative consequences of SMU for adolescent health could include exposures to online forms of aggression. We explored age, gender, and cross-national differences in adolescents' engagement in SMU, then relationships between SMU and victimization and the perpetration of cyber-bullying. Methods: We used data on young people aged 11–15 years (weighted n = 180,919 in 42 countries) who participated in the 2017–2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study to describe engagement in the three types of SMU (intense, problematic, and talking with strangers online) by age and gender and then in the perpetration and victimization of cyber-bullying. Relationships between SMU and cyber-bullying outcomes were estimated using Poisson regression (weighted n = 166,647 from 42 countries). Results: Variations in SMU and cyber-bullying follow developmental and gender-based patterns across countries. In pooled analyses, engagement in SMU related to cyber-bullying victimization (adjusted relative risks = 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.19] to 1.48 [95% CI: 1.42–1.55]) and perpetration (adjusted relative risk = 1.31 [95% CI: 1.26–1.36] to 1.84 [95% CI: 1.74–1.95]). These associations were stronger for cyber-perpetration versus cyber-victimization and for girls versus boys. Problematic SMU was most strongly and consistently associated with cyber-bullying, both for victimization and perpetration. Stratified analyses showed that SMU related to cyber-victimization in 19%–45% of countries and to cyber-perpetration in 38%–86% of countries. Conclusions: Accessibility to social media and its pervasive use has led to new opportunities for online aggression. The time adolescents spend on social media, engage in problematic use, and talk to strangers online each relate to cyber-bullying and merit public health intervention. Problematic use of social media poses the strongest and most consistent risk.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | S100-S108 |
| Journal | Journal of Adolescent Health |
| Volume | 66 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2020
Funding
Disclosure: This supplement was supported by the World Health Organization European Office and the University of Glasgow. The articles have been peer-reviewed and edited by the editorial staff of the Journal of Adolescent Health. The opinions or views expressed in this supplement are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the funder. Grant funding for the researchers involved in this cross-national manuscript was provided by the (1) Public Health Agency of Canada; (2) Canadian Institutes of Health Research (operating grant MOP341188); (3) Ministry of Health, Office of the Director, Israel; (4) Ministry of Health, Wellbeing, and Sports, the Netherlands; (5) Institute of Mother and Child, and Warsaw University, Poland; (6) Public Health Agency of Sweden; (7) Italian Ministry of Health/Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; and (8) Department of Health, Ireland. Disclosure: This supplement was supported by the World Health Organization European Office and the University of Glasgow. The articles have been peer-reviewed and edited by the editorial staff of the Journal of Adolescent Health. The opinions or views expressed in this supplement are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the funder. Grant funding for the researchers involved in this cross-national manuscript was provided by the (1) Public Health Agency of Canada ; (2) Canadian Institutes of Health Research (operating grant MOP341188 ); (3) Ministry of Health, Office of the Director , Israel; (4) Ministry of Health, Wellbeing, and Sports , the Netherlands; (5) Institute of Mother and Child, and Warsaw University , Poland; (6) Public Health Agency of Sweden ; (7) Italian Ministry of Health/Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ; and (8) Department of Health , Ireland.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Department of Health , Ireland | |
| Department of Health, Ireland | |
| Ministry of Health, Wellbeing, and Sports | |
| Office of the Director , Israel | |
| Office of the Director, Israel | |
| World Health Organization European Office | |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | |
| Public Health Agency of Canada | |
| Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social | |
| Canadian Institutes of Health Research | MOP341188 |
| University of Glasgow | |
| Ministero della Salute | |
| Uniwersytet Warszawski |
Keywords
- Adolescent health
- Cyber-bullying
- Epidemiology
- Social media
- Violence
