Sequencing of the variant thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)-San Diego reveals two nucleotide substitutions

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is a liver glycoprotein that tranports thyroid hormone in serum. In 1989, a variant TBG was reported with reduced binding affinity for thyroxine (T₄) and triidothyromine (T₃) which results in low serum T₄ and T₃ levels. This variant, TBG-San Diego (TBG-SD), also displays reduced heat stability but has a normal isoelectric focusing pattern. We now report the sequence of the entire coding region of TBG-San Diego. It reveals two nucleotide substitutions: one located in exon 1 which results in the replacement of the normal Ser-23 (TCA) with threonin (ACA) and the other, located in exon 3, changes the normal codon 283 of TTG (Leucine) with that of TTT, (phenylalanine). Allele specific amplication was used to search for both nucleotide substitutions in four affected members of the family. Results confirmed the co-segregation of these nucleotide substitutions with the TBG-SD phenotype. The substitution in codon 283 has been previously described and exists as a polymorphism in some ethnic groups or in combination with other TBG variants with different physical characteristics. Thus, it appears that the replacement of Ser-23 with threonine is responsible for the observed alterations in physical properties of TBG-San Diego.