Secure Blockchain-Based E-voting System for Smart Governance

Voting takes place in all parts of the world for varied reasons, be it political elections, or institutional elections. As it is an essential feature of nations, especially those that are democratic, it must be made sure that a candidate receives votes in a free and fair way. Traditionally, ballot voting system would be used but the major disadvantage is that it requires a formidable workforce. The majority of countries and organizations are moved to an E-voting system to reduce the workforce. The fundamental benefits of electronic systems for voting are that the efficiency of the entire system is increased while keeping it free of errors alongside the reduction of organizational costs. It also ensures convenience to voters as they can vote from anywhere depending on need. All these things considered, although it is very convenient to everyone, voting online must be conducted cautiously as any vulnerability can pose a threat to its authenticity and can lead to issues such as vote count manipulation amongst others as voters may cast their votes multiple times to ensure victory to their candidate. Blockchain can be used here to secure an online voting system by making it safe, accurate, and legitimate alongside holding user convenience. It beautifully replaces the traditional voting systems and provides a solution to the threats posed by traditional E-voting systems which include non-repudiation and a security provision. This chapter presents an introduction to blockchain and its fundamental structure, linking to the E-voting system, required components of a blockchain-based E-voting system, and a detailed state-of-the-art literature survey of secure blockchain-based E-voting systems. This chapter also proposes an E-voting system based on smart contracts and Consensus Algorithms. It further presents details regarding the website created and shows the analysis of the voting statistics that are taken live.