Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN2023ixf

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration; The Virgo Collaboration; the KAGRA Collaboration

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN2023ixf

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
, The Virgo Collaboration
, the KAGRA Collaboration

Department of Physics - at Bar-Ilan University

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)
California Institute of Technology
National Science Foundation
University of Salerno
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
University of Warwick
Pennsylvania State University
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Louisiana State University
Université catholique de Louvain
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics India
Queen Mary University of London
Sejong University
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
Stanford University
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Cardiff University
University of Antwerp
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Friedrich Schiller University Jena
University of Turin
University of Glasgow
University of Western Australia
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
University of Naples Federico II
Australian National University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Maastricht University
National Institute for Subatomic Physics
Université libre de Bruxelles
Institut Fresnel
Université Paris-Saclay
The University of Tokyo
University of Barcelona
Institute for High Energy Physics
Leibniz University Hannover
Gran Sasso Science Institute
University of Florida
University of Udine
Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
Université Côte d'Azur
University of Camerino
University of Washington
California State University Fullerton
Villanova University
University of Genoa
European Gravitational Observatory
Georgia Institute of Technology
Royal Holloway University of London
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
University of Urbino
University of Rome La Sapienza
Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Université Paris Cité
King's College London
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information
Kenyon College
The University of Osaka
Utrecht University
University of Oregon
Syracuse University
Northwestern University
Wigner Research Centre for Physics
Concordia University Wisconsin
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
University of Hamburg
University of Pisa
University of Perugia
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
University of Padua
Institute for Plasma Research
Ghent University
Polish Academy of Sciences
University of Sannio
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
University of Strathclyde
University of the Balearic Islands
Autonomous University of Barcelona
Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
University of Amsterdam
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Colorado State University
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Lomonosov Moscow State University
KU Leuven
University of Trento
Adelaide University
CNRS
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Washington State University Pullman
University of Liege
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University of Milan - Bicocca
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The University of Chicago
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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University of Copenhagen
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
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University of Valencia
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National Cheng Kung University
National Tsing Hua University
National Central University
Charles Sturt University
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Cornell University
Northeastern University
Monash University
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SPIC Science Foundation
University of Sassari
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École des mines Paris
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Institute of Science Tokyo
National Centre for Nuclear Research
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Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Carleton College
University of Toyama
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University of Cambridge
Stony Brook University
Simons Foundation
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Institute for Nuclear Research
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University of Minho
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Rochester Institute of Technology
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Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Wuhan University
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
University of Nottingham
Ariel University
University of Mississippi
Academia Sinica - Institute of Physics
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Chinese University of Hong Kong
Marquette University
American University Washington DC
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Fukuoka University
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Lancaster University
Nihon University
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Tamkang University
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
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Services and Estate Management
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University of Southampton
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
Chung-Ang University
Aix-Marseille Université
Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo
Ewha Womans University
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Sungkyunkwan University
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics
Bard College
Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Nagoya University
Polytechnique Montreal
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata
Inje University
CNRS
University of Florence
National Applied Research Laboratories Taiwan
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
West Virginia University
Heidelberg University
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ICREA
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Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
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Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
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Roma Tre University
IN2P3—IMT Atlantique—Nantes Université
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National Institute of Technology
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Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
Cité Descartes
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Osaka Institute of Technology
Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Arcetri, Florence
RIKEN
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Goethe University Frankfurt
Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Tokyo City University
Kyoto University
University of Catania
National Institute of Technology
National Defense Academy of Japan
Eindhoven University of Technology
Beijing Normal University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10⁻⁴ M_⊙c² and luminosity 2.6 × 10⁻⁴ M_⊙c² s⁻¹ for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

Original language	English
Article number	183
Number of pages	23
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	985
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc681
State	Published - 22 May 2025

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025. The Author(s).

Access to Document

10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

Cite this

@article{fca04b74ac71460eb8be9de8fba2b301,

title = "Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN2023ixf",

abstract = "We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14\% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 × 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.",

author = "\{The LIGO Scientific Collaboration\} and \{The Virgo Collaboration\} and \{the KAGRA Collaboration\} and Abac, \{A. G.\} and R. Abbott and I. Abouelfettouh and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and S. Adhicary and N. Adhikari and Adhikari, \{R. X.\} and Adkins, \{V. K.\} and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and \{Aghaei Abchouyeh\}, M. and Aguiar, \{O. D.\} and I. Aguilar and L. Aiello and A. Ain and T. Akutsu and S. Albanesi and Alfaidi, \{R. A.\} and A. Al-Jodah and C. All{\'e}n{\'e} and A. Allocca and S. Al-Shammari and Altin, \{P. A.\} and S. Alvarez-Lopez and A. Amato and L. Amez-Droz and A. Amorosi and C. Amra and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, \{S. B.\} and Anderson, \{W. G.\} and M. Andia and M. Ando and T. Andrade and N. Andres and M. Andr{\'e}s-Carcasona and T. Andri{\'c} and J. Anglin and S. Ansoldi and Antelis, \{J. M.\} and S. Antier and M. Aoumi and Appavuravther, \{E. Z.\} and S. Appert and Apple, \{S. K.\} and K. Arai and A. Araya and Araya, \{M. C.\} and O. Birnholtz",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025. The Author(s).",

year = "2025",

month = may,

day = "22",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/adc681",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "985",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN2023ixf

AU - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration

AU - The Virgo Collaboration

AU - the KAGRA Collaboration

AU - Abac, A. G.

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Abouelfettouh, I.

AU - Acernese, F.

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adhicary, S.

AU - Adhikari, N.

AU - Adhikari, R. X.

AU - Adkins, V. K.

AU - Agarwal, D.

AU - Agathos, M.

AU - Aghaei Abchouyeh, M.

AU - Aguiar, O. D.

AU - Aguilar, I.

AU - Aiello, L.

AU - Ain, A.

AU - Akutsu, T.

AU - Albanesi, S.

AU - Alfaidi, R. A.

AU - Al-Jodah, A.

AU - Alléné, C.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Al-Shammari, S.

AU - Altin, P. A.

AU - Alvarez-Lopez, S.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Amez-Droz, L.

AU - Amorosi, A.

AU - Amra, C.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Anderson, S. B.

AU - Anderson, W. G.

AU - Andia, M.

AU - Ando, M.

AU - Andrade, T.

AU - Andres, N.

AU - Andrés-Carcasona, M.

AU - Andrić, T.

AU - Anglin, J.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antelis, J. M.

AU - Antier, S.

AU - Aoumi, M.

AU - Appavuravther, E. Z.

AU - Appert, S.

AU - Apple, S. K.

AU - Arai, K.

AU - Araya, A.

AU - Araya, M. C.

AU - Birnholtz, O.

PY - 2025/5/22

Y1 - 2025/5/22

N2 - We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 × 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

AB - We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 × 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105006750730

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

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AN - SCOPUS:105006750730

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 985

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 183

ER -

Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN2023ixf

Abstract

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