Science in Israeli Ninth Grade Classes: The intended, implemented and the achieved curricula

This article provides information on a comprehensive survey of the teaching and learning of science in grade nine classes across Israel. In the study, detailed information was obtained on the content of the intended science curriculum, what science was actually taught by the teachers and how that science was taught. Student achievement and attitudes were assessed using internationally developed tests and questionnaires that were taken by random samples of science classes in Israel. Data were obtained from teachers as to whether the content had been taught to the students who were tested. This information provided a backdrop for interpreting the achievement scores.