Abstract
Background: Industrial complex (IC) residence is associated with higher cancer incidence in adults and children. However, the effect on young adults and the residence duration are not well described. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the Haifa bay area (HBA) has a major IC area with petrochemical industry complex and many other industries. The objectives of the current study were to estimate the association between IC residence and cancer incidence and to evaluate the effect of the residence duration. Methods: This study is a registry-based cohort (N = 1,022,637) with a follow-up of 21 years. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations (hazards ratios (HR) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) between HBA residence and incidence of all cancer sites (n = 62,049) and for site-specific cancer types including: lung cancer (n = 5398), bladder cancer (n = 3790), breast cancer (n = 11,310), prostate cancer (n = 6389) skin cancer (n = 4651), pancreatic cancer (n = 2144) and colorectal cancer (n = 8675). We evaluated the effect of the duration of exposure as categories of 7 years for those with 15 years of follow-up. Results: IC residence was associated with higher risk for all cancer sites (HR:1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12), for site-specific cancer incidence including: lung cancer (HR:1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.23), bladder cancer (HR:1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.23), breast cancer (HR:1.04, 95% CI: 0.98–1.10), prostate cancer (HR:1.07, 95% CI: 0.99–1.16), skin cancer (HR:1.22, 95% CI: 1.12–1.33) and colorectal cancer (HR:1.10, 95%CI: 1.03–1.17). Similar risk was also observed among young adults (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00–1.20). In the analyses for the duration of exposure, IC residence was associated with higher risk for all cancer site for the longest residence duration (15–21 years: HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.13). Conclusions: Harmful associations were found between IC residence and incidence of all cancer sites and site-specific cancers types. Our findings add to the limited evidence of associations between IC residence and cancer in young adults.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 114471 |
| Journal | Environmental Research |
| Volume | 216 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 Jan 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Funding
This study was partly supported by the Israel Cancer Association, the Israel Jacob and Lila Alther Foundation [grant number 20160096 ] and The Asaf Shani Foundation for Environmental Studies .We would like to thank to the CBS team for linking data consulting especially Naama Rotem, Julia Vider, Yifat Klopstock.We wouldlike to thank Professor Veronica M. Vieira and Professor Francine Laden for their help and critical discussion. We also would like to thank Professor Raanan Raz, Yuval and Professor David Broday for their help with the manuscript in-depth review, excellent comments and critical discussion.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Asaf Shani Foundation for Environmental Studies | |
| Israel Jacob and Lila Alther Foundation | 20160096 |
| Israel Cancer Association |
Keywords
- Cancer incidence
- Industrial complex
- Site-specific
- Young adults
