TY - JOUR
T1 - Religious, political and educational factors in the development of biliteracy in the kingdom of tonga
AU - Spolsky, Bernard
AU - Engelbrecht, Guillermina
AU - Ortiz, Leroy
PY - 1983/1/1
Y1 - 1983/1/1
N2 - The Kingdom of Tonga is unusual not only in its high level of literacy but also in the fact that the literacy is in large measure in the vernacular language. Written Tongan is used for religious, governmental, informational, commercial, and personal functions: written English for external relations, higher level administration, and education. While the educational system is encouraging the learning of English, it is maintaining emphasis on the Tongan language.
AB - The Kingdom of Tonga is unusual not only in its high level of literacy but also in the fact that the literacy is in large measure in the vernacular language. Written Tongan is used for religious, governmental, informational, commercial, and personal functions: written English for external relations, higher level administration, and education. While the educational system is encouraging the learning of English, it is maintaining emphasis on the Tongan language.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84926274749&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/01434632.1983.9994129
DO - 10.1080/01434632.1983.9994129
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AN - SCOPUS:84926274749
SN - 0143-4632
VL - 4
SP - 459
EP - 469
JO - Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
JF - Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
IS - 6
ER -