Reframing Powerlessness in the Addiction Recovery Process

Traditionally, addiction has been seen as a loss-of-control issue, marked by a subjective sense of powerlessness. However, a paradoxically positive perception of powerlessness exists, partly rooted in the 12-step program, though its scientific exploration and practical implications remain limited. This phenomenological study examined perceptions and experiences of powerlessness among individuals recovering from substance and behavioral addictions (n = 31), family members (n = 9), and therapists (n = 9). The findings revealed a dialectical process leading to a reframing of powerlessness, with two main themes: (a) negative attributions of powerlessness and (b) the powerlessness reframing process. This study enriches the addiction recovery literature by emphasizing the importance of understanding and leveraging the positive aspects of powerlessness through a Positive Criminology lens. It addresses criticisms of narrow understandings and a lack of awareness of the foundational role of powerlessness in recovery and recommends tailored therapeutic interventions.