Radiofrequency Receiver Based on Isotropic Solid-State Spins

Optically addressable solid-state spins have been proposed as robust radiofrequency (RF)-optical transducers sensitive to a specific RF frequency tuned by external magnetic fields but often require precise field alignment with the system’s symmetry axis. Here we introduce an isotropic solid-state spin system, namely, weakly coupled spin pairs in hexagonal boron nitride, which acts as an RF-optical transducer independent of the direction of the tuning magnetic field. Using this platform, we demonstrate a single-frequency RF receiver with frequency tunability from 0.1 to 19 GHz and an instantaneous wideband RF spectrum analyzer by applying a magnetic field gradient to encode RF frequency into spatial position. We utilize the spectrum analyzer to detect free-space-transmitted RF signals matching the strength and frequency of typical Wi-Fi signals. This work exemplifies the unique capabilities of isotropic spins to operate as RF sensors, while circumventing the challenging requirement of precisely aligned magnetic fields facing conventional solid-state spins.