Pyocolpos - a rare cause of neonatal sepsis - Report of a case and review of the literature

A newborn female infant presented with a lower abdominal mass and sepsis. Radiologic and ultrasonic studies established the diagnosis of pyocolpos. Surgical drainage was successfully carried out. Hydrocolpos is an uncommon anomaly resulting from imperforate hymen or atresia of the vagina. It usually presents in the first few weeks of life as an asymptomatic abdominal mass or with symptoms due to compression of adjacent structures by the enlarged vagina. Rarely, pyocolpos results from an infected hydrocolpos, usually associated with vaginal atresia rather than imperforate hymen. It may cause life-threatening sepsis; early diagnosis and prompt surgical drainage are therefore essential. The infant described demonstrates the diagnostic approach and the management of pyocolpos.