Prevalence, Predictors, and Cross-Resistance of Community-Acquired Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacterales in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections in Israel

Suha Rizik, Imad Kassis, Elias Nasrallah, Nadeen Makhoul, Halima Dabaja-Younis

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

This retrospective study evaluates the incidence and risk factors of community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) linked to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales (ESBLPE). The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in northern Israel and included children younger than 18 years with CA-UTIs due to Enterobacterales who were admitted to the emergency department, during the years 2017 to 2019. Among the 570 children, 9.8% had ESBLPE-associated CA-UTIs. This prevalence remained steady over the study period. ESBLPE exhibited substantial resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (62.5% vs 20.4%, P <.001, odds ratio [OR] = 6.5), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (58.9% vs 18%, P <.001, OR = 6.6), ciprofloxacin (33.9% vs 3.1%, P <.001, OR = 15.9), piperacillin/tazobactam (26.8% vs 7%, P <.001, OR = 4.9), and gentamicin (21.4% vs 4.3%, P <.001, OR = 6.1), compared with non-ESBLPE. Risk factors for ESBLPE-associated UTIs included recent antibiotic treatment within the past 3 months (P =.003, OR = 3.5) and colonization with ESBLPE (P <.001, OR = 12.8). Given the variable incidence of ESBLPE, relying on local epidemiology for antibiotic selection pending culture results is crucial. The study finding of a low ESBLPE incidence, coupled with global concerns regarding carbapenem resistance, supports cautious use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in nonsevere cases.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1727-1733
Number of pages7
JournalClinical Pediatrics
Volume63
Issue number12
Early online date29 Mar 2024
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2024
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.

Keywords

  • ESBL
  • Enterobacterales
  • children
  • pediatric
  • urinary tract infection

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