TY - JOUR
T1 - Potential of hazardous waste encapsulation in concrete with coal fly ash and bivalve shells
AU - Lieberman, Roy Nir
AU - Knop, Yaniv
AU - Izquierdo, Maria
AU - Palmerola, Natalia Moreno
AU - Rosa, Jesus de la
AU - Cohen, Haim
AU - Muñoz-Quirós, Carmen
AU - Cordoba, Patricia
AU - Querol, Xavier
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2018/6/1
Y1 - 2018/6/1
N2 - Coal fly ash (FA) is abundant in countries that use steam coal for power production. The resultant FA is Class F FA (<20% CaO, Al2O3 + SiO2 > 70%, <6% Loss on Ignition) and can be used as an excellent scrubber and fixation reagent for acidic wastes containing toxic trace elements. In Spain, less than 50% of the abundant FA is currently being used. This paper reports on the potential use of Class F FA as a neutralization and fixation reagent for the hazardous sludge waste of the phosphate industry. Several analytical techniques (ICP-MS, ICP-AES, SEM-EDX, and XRD), and leaching experiments (EN12457-2) were used for this study. The results identify the best FA/waste ratios for full neutralization and fixation. Furthermore, adding a high calcium carbonate material prevents the excessive leaching of As, Mo, and Se, and facilitates full neutralization and fixation. Furthermore, the use of a safe aggregate (produced by mixing coal phosphate waste with fly ash and/or bivalve shells) as a partial substitute for sand improves the quality of concrete for civil engineering projects and is environmentally safe.
AB - Coal fly ash (FA) is abundant in countries that use steam coal for power production. The resultant FA is Class F FA (<20% CaO, Al2O3 + SiO2 > 70%, <6% Loss on Ignition) and can be used as an excellent scrubber and fixation reagent for acidic wastes containing toxic trace elements. In Spain, less than 50% of the abundant FA is currently being used. This paper reports on the potential use of Class F FA as a neutralization and fixation reagent for the hazardous sludge waste of the phosphate industry. Several analytical techniques (ICP-MS, ICP-AES, SEM-EDX, and XRD), and leaching experiments (EN12457-2) were used for this study. The results identify the best FA/waste ratios for full neutralization and fixation. Furthermore, adding a high calcium carbonate material prevents the excessive leaching of As, Mo, and Se, and facilitates full neutralization and fixation. Furthermore, the use of a safe aggregate (produced by mixing coal phosphate waste with fly ash and/or bivalve shells) as a partial substitute for sand improves the quality of concrete for civil engineering projects and is environmentally safe.
KW - Aggregates
KW - Bivalve shells
KW - Chemical scrubber
KW - Fly ash
KW - Phosphate waste
KW - Trace elements
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85043600464&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.079
DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.079
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AN - SCOPUS:85043600464
SN - 0959-6526
VL - 185
SP - 870
EP - 881
JO - Journal of Cleaner Production
JF - Journal of Cleaner Production
ER -
