Abstract
BackgroundOccupational groups operating in dangerous environments may witness the development of acute stress reaction (ASR) in team members. Witnessing ASR in team members may increase the risk of developing subsequent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.AimsTo describe ASR symptoms that individuals witness, assess the relationship between witnessing a team member exhibiting ASR symptoms and an individual's own PTSD symptoms, and describe common intervention responses by peers.MethodCross-sectional, anonymous surveys were conducted with US soldiers who were previously deployed (sample 1; n = 176) and currently deployed sample 2; n = 497). Surveys assessed combat experiences, PTSD (PTSD Checklist-5), ASR exposure and intervention responses. Analyses included frequencies and binary logistic regression.ResultsWitnessing at least one ASR symptom during a combat-related event was reported by 51.7% in sample 1 and 42.4% in sample 2; the most commonly observed symptoms were being unable to function or being detached. Controlling for combat experiences, high levels of witnessing a team member exhibit ASR symptoms was associated with increased risk of subthreshold PTSD or PTSD in sample 1 (odds ratio (OR) = 8.69, 95% CI 2.29-42.60) and approached significance in sample 2 (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 0.98-2.81). Common intervention responses included providing a directive or yelling; many also reported being unsure how to respond.ConclusionsWitnessing team members who exhibit ASR symptoms appears to be associated with screening positive for subthreshold PTSD or PTSD. Results suggest the need for further research into how to prepare individuals to manage ASR in team members and to examine ASR in other high-risk occupations.
Original language | English |
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Article number | e98 |
Journal | BJPsych Open |
Volume | 6 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 3 Sep 2020 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.
Funding
This research was supported by core funding from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, the US Army Medical Research and Development Command.
Funders | Funder number |
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U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command |
Keywords
- Military psychiatry
- acute stress
- post-traumatic stress disorder
- social functioning
- trauma