TY - JOUR
T1 - Plant transcripts with long or structured upstream open reading frames in the NDL2 5ʹ UTR can escape nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in a reinitiation-independent manner
AU - Cymerman, Miryam A
AU - Saul, Helen
AU - Farhi, Ronit
AU - Vexler, Karina
AU - Gottlieb, Dror
AU - Berezin, Irina
AU - Shaul, Orit
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - Many eukaryotic transcripts contain upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Translated uORFs can inhibit the translation of main ORFs by imposing the need for reinitiation of translation. Translated uORFs can also lead to transcript degradation by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. In mammalian cells, translated uORFs were shown to target their transcripts to NMD if the uORFs were long (>23–32 amino acids), structured, or inhibit reinitiation. Reinitiation was shown to rescue uORF-containing mammalian transcripts from NMD. Much less is known about the significance of the length, structure, and reinitiation efficiency of translated uORFs for NMD targeting in plants. Although high-throughput studies suggested that uORFs do not globally reduce plant transcript abundance, it was not clear whether this was due to NMD-escape-permitting parameters of uORF recognition, length, structure, or reinitiation efficiency. We expressed in Arabidopsis reporter genes that included NDL2 5ʹ untranslated region and various uORFs with modulation of the above parameters. We found that transcripts can escape NMD in plants even when they include efficiently translated uORFs up to 70 amino acids long, or structured uORFs, in the absence of reinitiation. These data highlight an apparent difference between the rules that govern the exposure of uORF-containing transcripts to NMD in mammalian and plant cells.
AB - Many eukaryotic transcripts contain upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Translated uORFs can inhibit the translation of main ORFs by imposing the need for reinitiation of translation. Translated uORFs can also lead to transcript degradation by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. In mammalian cells, translated uORFs were shown to target their transcripts to NMD if the uORFs were long (>23–32 amino acids), structured, or inhibit reinitiation. Reinitiation was shown to rescue uORF-containing mammalian transcripts from NMD. Much less is known about the significance of the length, structure, and reinitiation efficiency of translated uORFs for NMD targeting in plants. Although high-throughput studies suggested that uORFs do not globally reduce plant transcript abundance, it was not clear whether this was due to NMD-escape-permitting parameters of uORF recognition, length, structure, or reinitiation efficiency. We expressed in Arabidopsis reporter genes that included NDL2 5ʹ untranslated region and various uORFs with modulation of the above parameters. We found that transcripts can escape NMD in plants even when they include efficiently translated uORFs up to 70 amino acids long, or structured uORFs, in the absence of reinitiation. These data highlight an apparent difference between the rules that govern the exposure of uORF-containing transcripts to NMD in mammalian and plant cells.
KW - Arabidopsis
KW - NMD
KW - nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
KW - reinitiation
KW - uORF
KW - upstream open reading frame
UR - https://scholar.google.co.il/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=299Cvm8AAAAJ&sortby=pubdate&citation_for_view=299Cvm8AAAAJ%3Ak_IJM867U9cC&inst=1200643855431153338
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85168613002&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/jxb/erac385
DO - 10.1093/jxb/erac385
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C2 - 36169317
SN - 0022-0957
VL - 74
SP - 91
EP - 103
JO - Journal of Experimental Botany
JF - Journal of Experimental Botany
IS - 1
ER -