Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein and a well-characterized precursor protein of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, which accumulate in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathologies. Aβ has been extensively investigated since the amyloid hypothesis in AD was proposed. Besides Aβ, previous studies on APP and its proteolytic cleavage products have suggested their diverse pathological and physiological functions. However, their roles still have not been thoroughly understood. In this review, we extensively discuss the evolutionarily-conserved biology of APP, including its structure and processing pathway, as well as recent findings on the physiological roles of APP and its fragments in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. We have also elaborated upon the current status of APP-targeted therapeutic approaches for AD treatment by discussing inhibitors of several proteases participating in APP processing, including α-, β-, and γ-secretases. Finally, we have highlighted the future perspectives pertaining to further research and the potential clinical role of APP.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 108122 |
Journal | Pharmacology and Therapeutics |
Volume | 235 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022
Funding
This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) , the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea ( NRF-2019R1A2C3011422 , NRF-2018M3C7A1021851 , and NRF-2019R1A5A2027340 ). This work was also supported by a grant from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries’ R&D project, Korea ( 2021633 ).
Funders | Funder number |
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Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries’ R&D project, Korea | 2021633 |
National Research Foundation of Korea | |
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology | NRF-2018M3C7A1021851, NRF-2019R1A2C3011422, NRF-2019R1A5A2027340 |
Keywords
- APP intracellular domain
- Alzheimer's disease
- Amyloid precursor protein
- Soluble APPα