Abstract
The present study evaluated the relationship between individual characteristics (ascribed, achieved, and psychosocial) and country characteristics (e.g., discrimination at the country level) and perceived discrimination. Analysis was based on the fourth round of the European Social Survey, which encompasses 54,988 respondents from 28 countries. Hierarchical linear modeling was conducted. In most countries, there was a general trend towards a higher prevalence rate of perceived age discrimination (mean prevalence rate across countries = 34.5%; SE =.002), followed by gender (mean prevalence rate across countries = 24.9%; SE =.002), and ethnic discrimination (mean prevalence rate across countries = 17.3%; SE =.002). Variations in perceived discrimination were largely attributed to individual differences. The findings are discussed in light of a distinction between perceived and actual discrimination.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 499-517 |
| Number of pages | 19 |
| Journal | Educational Gerontology |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue number | 7 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 2014 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Analysis was based on the fourth round of the European Social Survey (ESS; http://www. europeansocialsurvey.org/). The ESS is funded jointly by the European Commission, the European Science Foundation, and academic funding bodies in each participating country. The ESS is led by a center coordinating team, a multi-national scientific advisory board, small, multi-national methods groups, and a sampling panel. One of the main advantages of the ESS concerns the vigorous attempts to ensure equality or equivalence in sampling and translation of questionnaires in order to allow for cross-national comparisons. Target population is defined as all persons aged 15 years or older residents in private households within the borders of the nation, regardless of nationality, citizenship, language, or legal status (Hader & Lynn, 2007). Each national sample should achieve a simple random sample of at least 1,500 respondents and a target response rate of 70% or greater for all countries. All interviews are conducted face to face. The ESS is composed of a core questionnaire and two rotating questionnaires. The core questionnaire is administered every round and concerns a variety of variables including media use; human values; demographics; and socio– economics. One of the rotating modules of the fourth round, administered in 2008, focused on ageism (Abrams & Lima, 2007). This module forms the basis of the present study.