Microwave-assisted synthesis of cyclic phosphopeptide on solid support

Phosphopeptides are important tools for studying intracellular signal transduction events in vitro and in vivo and are also potential drugs due to their direct competition with phosphoprotein recognition elements. Cyclization has been demonstrated to improve peptide selectivity, metabolic stability, and bioavailability. However, cyclic phosphopeptide synthesis may not be straightforward due to the sterically hindered phosphorylated side-chain amino acid derivatives. One option to overcome this hurdle is to use microwave-assisted synthesis, which has been shown to increase efficiency and reduce synthesis time. Herein, a detailed protocol is provided for synthesizing cyclic phosphopeptides using automated microwave. The overall synthesis duration was reduced and yields increased compared with a manual conventional method. This method provides a general, fast and facile way to synthesize cyclic peptides, demonstrating the synthesis of cyclic phosphorylated peptides which are known to be among the most challenging to produce.