Low trihalomethane formation during managed aquifer recharge with chlorinated desalinated water

Anat Bernstein; Raz Studny; Vinolia Shyntychea; Daniel Kurtzman; Yonatan Ganot; Yoram Katz; Berhane Abrha Asfaw; Kaori Sakaguchi-Söder; Christoph Schüth; Hagar Siebner

doi:10.3390/w12030711

Low trihalomethane formation during managed aquifer recharge with chlorinated desalinated water

Anat Bernstein, Raz Studny, Vinolia Shyntychea, Daniel Kurtzman, Yonatan Ganot, Yoram Katz, Berhane Abrha Asfaw, Kaori Sakaguchi-Söder, Christoph Schüth, Hagar Siebner

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are toxic disinfection by-products, formed in the reaction of chlorine with organic matter. This work aimed to study THM formation during a unique case study of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with chlorinated desalinated seawater. THM formation was tested in the field, along a 3.0 m deep vadose zone gallery. Two small-scale experiments were conducted in the site, with untreated and with bromide spiked desalinated seawater. These were accompanied by a large-scale, ~1-month long operational MAR event. In the small-scale experiments, THM concentrations were shown to increase with bromide concentrations, with increasing dominance of the brominated species. Nevertheless, concentrations remained within the single μg/L range, which is an order of magnitude lower than drinking water regulations. Such low THM concentrations were also determined in the large-scale event. In both cases, THM formation occurred in the ponding water, without significant formation or degradation in the upper 3.0 m of the vadose zone. This study shows that MAR with chlorinated (<0.5 mg/L) desalinated seawater through sandy infiltration basins does not pose a threat to drinking water quality at this site.

Original language	English
Article number	711
Journal	Water (Switzerland)
Volume	12
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030711
State	Published - 1 Mar 2020
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors.

Funding

Funding: This research was funded by the BMBF-MOST German-Israeli Water Technology cooperation, grant WT-1401. BMBF project funding reference number 02WIL1386. The instrumentation and installation of the "vadose-zone gallery" were funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013), under the grant agreement 619120 (Demonstrating Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Solution to Water Scarcity and Drought—MARSOL) This research was funded by the BMBF-MOST German-IsraeliWater Technology cooperation, grant WT-1401. BMBF project funding reference number 02WIL1386. The instrumentation and installation of the "vadose-zone gallery" were funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013), under the grant agreement 619120 (Demonstrating Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Solution to Water Scarcity and Drought-MARSOL) We are greatly indebted to Ido Nitzan of Volcani Center for the technical assistance in the field.

Funders	Funder number
BMBF-MOST	WT-1401
Seventh Framework Programme	619120
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung	02WIL1386
Seventh Framework Programme

Keywords

Aquifer storage
Disinfection by-products
MAR
THMs

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10.3390/w12030711

Cite this

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title = "Low trihalomethane formation during managed aquifer recharge with chlorinated desalinated water",

abstract = "Trihalomethanes (THMs) are toxic disinfection by-products, formed in the reaction of chlorine with organic matter. This work aimed to study THM formation during a unique case study of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with chlorinated desalinated seawater. THM formation was tested in the field, along a 3.0 m deep vadose zone gallery. Two small-scale experiments were conducted in the site, with untreated and with bromide spiked desalinated seawater. These were accompanied by a large-scale, ~1-month long operational MAR event. In the small-scale experiments, THM concentrations were shown to increase with bromide concentrations, with increasing dominance of the brominated species. Nevertheless, concentrations remained within the single μg/L range, which is an order of magnitude lower than drinking water regulations. Such low THM concentrations were also determined in the large-scale event. In both cases, THM formation occurred in the ponding water, without significant formation or degradation in the upper 3.0 m of the vadose zone. This study shows that MAR with chlorinated (<0.5 mg/L) desalinated seawater through sandy infiltration basins does not pose a threat to drinking water quality at this site.",

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AU - Ganot, Yonatan

AU - Katz, Yoram

AU - Asfaw, Berhane Abrha

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AU - Schüth, Christoph

AU - Siebner, Hagar

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AB - Trihalomethanes (THMs) are toxic disinfection by-products, formed in the reaction of chlorine with organic matter. This work aimed to study THM formation during a unique case study of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with chlorinated desalinated seawater. THM formation was tested in the field, along a 3.0 m deep vadose zone gallery. Two small-scale experiments were conducted in the site, with untreated and with bromide spiked desalinated seawater. These were accompanied by a large-scale, ~1-month long operational MAR event. In the small-scale experiments, THM concentrations were shown to increase with bromide concentrations, with increasing dominance of the brominated species. Nevertheless, concentrations remained within the single μg/L range, which is an order of magnitude lower than drinking water regulations. Such low THM concentrations were also determined in the large-scale event. In both cases, THM formation occurred in the ponding water, without significant formation or degradation in the upper 3.0 m of the vadose zone. This study shows that MAR with chlorinated (<0.5 mg/L) desalinated seawater through sandy infiltration basins does not pose a threat to drinking water quality at this site.

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Low trihalomethane formation during managed aquifer recharge with chlorinated desalinated water

Abstract

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Keywords

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