Lipocalin-2 is a pathogenic determinant and biomarker of neuropsychiatric lupus

Elise V. Mike; Hadijat M. Makinde; Maria Gulinello; Kamala Vanarsa; Leal Herlitz; Gaurav Gadhvi; Deborah R. Winter; Chandra Mohan; John G. Hanly; C. C. Mok; Carla M. Cuda; Chaim Putterman

doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2018.08.005

Lipocalin-2 is a pathogenic determinant and biomarker of neuropsychiatric lupus

Elise V. Mike, Hadijat M. Makinde, Maria Gulinello, Kamala Vanarsa, Leal Herlitz, Gaurav Gadhvi, Deborah R. Winter, Chandra Mohan, John G. Hanly, C. C. Mok, Carla M. Cuda, Chaim Putterman

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Abstract

Neuropsychiatric manifestations in lupus (NPSLE) affect ∼20–40% of patients. In the central nervous system, lipocalin-2 (LCN2) can promote injury through mechanisms directly linked to NPSLE, including brain barrier disruption, neurotoxicity, and glial activation. Since LCN2 is elevated in lupus and has been implicated in neuroinflammation, we investigated whether LCN2 is required for the pathogenesis of NPSLE. Here, we investigated the effects of LCN2 deficiency on the development of neurobehavioral deficits in the B6.Sle1.Sle3 (Sle1,3) mouse lupus model. Sle1,3 mice exhibited depression-like behavior and impaired spatial and recognition memory, and these deficits were attenuated in Sle1,3-LCN2KO mice. Whole-brain flow cytometry showed a significant increase in brain infiltrating leukocytes in Sle1,3 mice that was not reduced by LCN2 deficiency. RNA sequencing on sorted microglia revealed that several genes differentially expressed between B6 and Sle1,3 mice were regulated by LCN2, and that these genes are key mediators of the neuroinflammatory cascade. Importantly, LCN2 is upregulated in the cerebrospinal fluid of NPSLE patients across 2 different ethnicities. Our findings establish the Sle1,3 strain as an NPSLE model, demonstrate that LCN2 is a major regulator of the detrimental neuroimmune response in NPSLE, and identify CSF LCN2 as a novel biomarker for NPSLE.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	59-73
Number of pages	15
Journal	Journal of Autoimmunity
Volume	96
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2018.08.005
State	Published - Jan 2019
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
These studies were supported by training grant T32-GM007288 to E. Mike from the NIH ; a NIH Research Supplement to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research ( 3R01AR065594-02W1 ) to E. Mike; a K01 grant from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases ( 5K01AR060169 ) to C.M. Cuda; a training grant T32- AR007611 to H.M. Makinde from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases; a grant in support of the Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center 5U54 HD090260-02 to M. Gulinello; a R01 grant from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases ( 3R01AR065594 ) to C. Putterman; and funding support from the Lupus Research Institute to C. Mohan.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Keywords

Lipocalin-2
Microglia
Neuroinflammation
Neuropsychiatric lupus
RNA-seq

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title = "Lipocalin-2 is a pathogenic determinant and biomarker of neuropsychiatric lupus",

abstract = "Neuropsychiatric manifestations in lupus (NPSLE) affect ∼20–40% of patients. In the central nervous system, lipocalin-2 (LCN2) can promote injury through mechanisms directly linked to NPSLE, including brain barrier disruption, neurotoxicity, and glial activation. Since LCN2 is elevated in lupus and has been implicated in neuroinflammation, we investigated whether LCN2 is required for the pathogenesis of NPSLE. Here, we investigated the effects of LCN2 deficiency on the development of neurobehavioral deficits in the B6.Sle1.Sle3 (Sle1,3) mouse lupus model. Sle1,3 mice exhibited depression-like behavior and impaired spatial and recognition memory, and these deficits were attenuated in Sle1,3-LCN2KO mice. Whole-brain flow cytometry showed a significant increase in brain infiltrating leukocytes in Sle1,3 mice that was not reduced by LCN2 deficiency. RNA sequencing on sorted microglia revealed that several genes differentially expressed between B6 and Sle1,3 mice were regulated by LCN2, and that these genes are key mediators of the neuroinflammatory cascade. Importantly, LCN2 is upregulated in the cerebrospinal fluid of NPSLE patients across 2 different ethnicities. Our findings establish the Sle1,3 strain as an NPSLE model, demonstrate that LCN2 is a major regulator of the detrimental neuroimmune response in NPSLE, and identify CSF LCN2 as a novel biomarker for NPSLE.",

keywords = "Lipocalin-2, Microglia, Neuroinflammation, Neuropsychiatric lupus, RNA-seq",

author = "Mike, {Elise V.} and Makinde, {Hadijat M.} and Maria Gulinello and Kamala Vanarsa and Leal Herlitz and Gaurav Gadhvi and Winter, {Deborah R.} and Chandra Mohan and Hanly, {John G.} and Mok, {C. C.} and Cuda, {Carla M.} and Chaim Putterman",

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AU - Mike, Elise V.

AU - Makinde, Hadijat M.

AU - Gulinello, Maria

AU - Vanarsa, Kamala

AU - Herlitz, Leal

AU - Gadhvi, Gaurav

AU - Winter, Deborah R.

AU - Mohan, Chandra

AU - Hanly, John G.

AU - Mok, C. C.

AU - Cuda, Carla M.

AU - Putterman, Chaim

PY - 2019/1

Y1 - 2019/1

N2 - Neuropsychiatric manifestations in lupus (NPSLE) affect ∼20–40% of patients. In the central nervous system, lipocalin-2 (LCN2) can promote injury through mechanisms directly linked to NPSLE, including brain barrier disruption, neurotoxicity, and glial activation. Since LCN2 is elevated in lupus and has been implicated in neuroinflammation, we investigated whether LCN2 is required for the pathogenesis of NPSLE. Here, we investigated the effects of LCN2 deficiency on the development of neurobehavioral deficits in the B6.Sle1.Sle3 (Sle1,3) mouse lupus model. Sle1,3 mice exhibited depression-like behavior and impaired spatial and recognition memory, and these deficits were attenuated in Sle1,3-LCN2KO mice. Whole-brain flow cytometry showed a significant increase in brain infiltrating leukocytes in Sle1,3 mice that was not reduced by LCN2 deficiency. RNA sequencing on sorted microglia revealed that several genes differentially expressed between B6 and Sle1,3 mice were regulated by LCN2, and that these genes are key mediators of the neuroinflammatory cascade. Importantly, LCN2 is upregulated in the cerebrospinal fluid of NPSLE patients across 2 different ethnicities. Our findings establish the Sle1,3 strain as an NPSLE model, demonstrate that LCN2 is a major regulator of the detrimental neuroimmune response in NPSLE, and identify CSF LCN2 as a novel biomarker for NPSLE.

AB - Neuropsychiatric manifestations in lupus (NPSLE) affect ∼20–40% of patients. In the central nervous system, lipocalin-2 (LCN2) can promote injury through mechanisms directly linked to NPSLE, including brain barrier disruption, neurotoxicity, and glial activation. Since LCN2 is elevated in lupus and has been implicated in neuroinflammation, we investigated whether LCN2 is required for the pathogenesis of NPSLE. Here, we investigated the effects of LCN2 deficiency on the development of neurobehavioral deficits in the B6.Sle1.Sle3 (Sle1,3) mouse lupus model. Sle1,3 mice exhibited depression-like behavior and impaired spatial and recognition memory, and these deficits were attenuated in Sle1,3-LCN2KO mice. Whole-brain flow cytometry showed a significant increase in brain infiltrating leukocytes in Sle1,3 mice that was not reduced by LCN2 deficiency. RNA sequencing on sorted microglia revealed that several genes differentially expressed between B6 and Sle1,3 mice were regulated by LCN2, and that these genes are key mediators of the neuroinflammatory cascade. Importantly, LCN2 is upregulated in the cerebrospinal fluid of NPSLE patients across 2 different ethnicities. Our findings establish the Sle1,3 strain as an NPSLE model, demonstrate that LCN2 is a major regulator of the detrimental neuroimmune response in NPSLE, and identify CSF LCN2 as a novel biomarker for NPSLE.

KW - Lipocalin-2

KW - Microglia

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JF - Journal of Autoimmunity

ER -

Lipocalin-2 is a pathogenic determinant and biomarker of neuropsychiatric lupus

Abstract

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Keywords

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