TY - JOUR
T1 - Levels of Automation and Transparency
T2 - Interaction Design Considerations in Assistive Robots for Older Adults
AU - Olatunji, Samuel
AU - Oron-Gilad, Tal
AU - Markfeld, Noa
AU - Gutman, Dana
AU - Sarne-Fleischmann, Vardit
AU - Edan, Yael
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2013 IEEE.
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - It is important to encourage older adults to remain active when interacting with assistive robots. This study proposes a schematic model for integrating levels of automation (LOAs) and transparency (LoTs) in assistive robots to match the preferences and expectations of older adults. Metrics to evaluate LOA and LoT design combinations are defined. We develop two distinctive test cases to examine interaction design considerations for robots working for this population in everyday tasks: a person-following task with a mobile robot and a table-setting task with a robot manipulator. Evaluations in user studies with older adults reveal that LOA and LoT combinations influence interaction elements. Low LOA and high LoT encouraged activity engagement while receiving adequate information regarding the robot's behavior. The variety of objective and subjective metrics is essential to provide a holistic framework for evaluating the interaction.
AB - It is important to encourage older adults to remain active when interacting with assistive robots. This study proposes a schematic model for integrating levels of automation (LOAs) and transparency (LoTs) in assistive robots to match the preferences and expectations of older adults. Metrics to evaluate LOA and LoT design combinations are defined. We develop two distinctive test cases to examine interaction design considerations for robots working for this population in everyday tasks: a person-following task with a mobile robot and a table-setting task with a robot manipulator. Evaluations in user studies with older adults reveal that LOA and LoT combinations influence interaction elements. Low LOA and high LoT encouraged activity engagement while receiving adequate information regarding the robot's behavior. The variety of objective and subjective metrics is essential to provide a holistic framework for evaluating the interaction.
KW - Assistive robots (ARs)
KW - human-robot interaction
KW - interaction design
KW - level of automation (LOA)
KW - level of transparency (LoT)
KW - older adults
KW - socially ARs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111187747&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/THMS.2021.3107516
DO - 10.1109/THMS.2021.3107516
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AN - SCOPUS:85111187747
SN - 2168-2291
VL - 51
SP - 673
EP - 683
JO - IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems
JF - IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems
IS - 6
ER -