@article{f535b6599ab94f1386cc5145800b5968,
title = "Iron deficiency anemia and cognitive function in infancy",
abstract = "OBJECTIVES: This study examined effects of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on specific domains of infant cognitive function and the role of IDA-related socioemotional deficits in mediating and/or moderating these effects. METHODS: Infants were recruited during routine 9-month visits to an inner-city clinic. IDA was defined as hemoglobin level < 110 g/L with ≥ 2 abnormal iron deficiency indicators (mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, zinc protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin). At 9 and 12 months, the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (FTII); A-not-B task; Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey; and Behavior Rating Scale were administered. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including age and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Twenty-eight infants met criteria for IDA, 28 had nonanemic iron deficiency (NA ID) and 21 had iron sufficiency (IS). There was a linear effect for object permanence at 9 months: infants with IDA were least likely to exhibit object permanence, IS most likely, and NA ID intermediate. Infants with IDA and those with hemoglobin level ≤ 105 g/L showed poorer recognition memory on the FTII than infants without IDA. The Behavior Rating Scale orientation/engagement measure partially mediated these effects. Stronger effects of IDA on these outcomes were seen in infants who scored more poorly on the socioemotional measures. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate poorer object permanence and short-term memory encoding and/or retrieval in infants with IDA at 9 months. These cognitive effects were attributable, in part, to IDA-related deficits in socioemotional function. Children with poor socioemotional performance seem to be more vulnerable to the effects of IDA on cognitive function.",
keywords = "Infancy, Infant cognition, Iron deficiency anemia, Object permanence, Recognition memory, Socioemotion",
author = "Carter, {R. Colin} and Jacobson, {Joseph L.} and Burden, {Matthew J.} and Rinat Armony-Sivan and Dodge, {Neil C.} and Angelilli, {Mary Lu} and Betsy Lozoff and Jacobson, {Sandra W.}",
year = "2010",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1542/peds.2009-2097",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "126",
pages = "e427--e434",
journal = "Pediatrics",
issn = "0031-4005",
publisher = "American Academy of Pediatrics",
number = "2",
}