Interface redox engineering of Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cells: Oxygen, sodium, and chemical bath effects

Leeor Kronik; Uwe Rau; Jean François Guillemoles; Dieter Braunger; Hans Werner Schock; David Cahen

doi:10.1016/s0040-6090(99)00768-3

Interface redox engineering of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂-based solar cells: Oxygen, sodium, and chemical bath effects

Leeor Kronik
, Uwe Rau
, Jean François Guillemoles
, Dieter Braunger
, Hans Werner Schock
, David Cahen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

104 Scopus citations

Abstract

The chemical effects of oxygenation of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) interfaces are analyzed and are shown to involve passivation of Se deficiencies and Cu removal. The former effect is beneficial at grain boundaries, but detrimental at the CdS/CIGS interface. The latter effect is purely detrimental. Na and chemical bath deposition (CBD) treatments are shown to isolate the `good' oxygenation effect from the `bad' ones. Na is shown to promote oxygenation already before the deposition of the buffer and window layers, which allows a maximization of the benefits of Se deficiency passivation and a minimization of Cu removal. Next, the CBD of the CdS buffer layer restores the interface charge, due to creation of Cd_Cu interface donors and possibly a removal of O_Se interface acceptors. This highlights the crucial role that interface redox engineering plays in optimizing the performance of CIGS-based solar cells.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	353-359
Number of pages	7
Journal	Thin Solid Films
Volume	361
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(99)00768-3
State	Published - 21 Feb 2000
Externally published	Yes
Event	The 1999 E-MRS Spring Conference, Symposium O: Chalcogenide Semicondutors for Photovoltaics - Strasbourg, France Duration: 1 Jun 1999 → 4 Jun 1999

Funding

L. Kronik and D. Cahen wish to thank Alex Zunger (NREL), Jeniffer Granata and Jim Sites (Colorado State University), David Niles (Hewlett Packard), Clemens Heske (University of Würzburg), and Gary Hodes (Weizmann Institute) for providing unpublished data and for helpful discussions. U. Rau, D. Braunger, and H.-W. Schock are grateful to D. Hariskos for discussions and to J.H. Werner for support and encouragement. In Rehovoth this research is supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF) and the Israeli Ministry of Science (MOS), under the aegis of KFA-BEO – Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH/Projekttrager für Biologie, Energie, und Ökologie. In Stuttgart the research is supported by the BMBF under contract 0328059F.

Funders	Funder number
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH/Projekttrager für Biologie	0328059F
German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology
Israeli Ministry of Science
KFA-BEO
Maryland Ornithological Society
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung

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10.1016/s0040-6090(99)00768-3

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title = "Interface redox engineering of Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cells: Oxygen, sodium, and chemical bath effects",

abstract = "The chemical effects of oxygenation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) interfaces are analyzed and are shown to involve passivation of Se deficiencies and Cu removal. The former effect is beneficial at grain boundaries, but detrimental at the CdS/CIGS interface. The latter effect is purely detrimental. Na and chemical bath deposition (CBD) treatments are shown to isolate the `good' oxygenation effect from the `bad' ones. Na is shown to promote oxygenation already before the deposition of the buffer and window layers, which allows a maximization of the benefits of Se deficiency passivation and a minimization of Cu removal. Next, the CBD of the CdS buffer layer restores the interface charge, due to creation of CdCu interface donors and possibly a removal of OSe interface acceptors. This highlights the crucial role that interface redox engineering plays in optimizing the performance of CIGS-based solar cells.",

author = "Leeor Kronik and Uwe Rau and Guillemoles, \{Jean Fran{\c c}ois\} and Dieter Braunger and Schock, \{Hans Werner\} and David Cahen",

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doi = "10.1016/s0040-6090(99)00768-3",

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T2 - The 1999 E-MRS Spring Conference, Symposium O: Chalcogenide Semicondutors for Photovoltaics

AU - Kronik, Leeor

AU - Rau, Uwe

AU - Guillemoles, Jean François

AU - Braunger, Dieter

AU - Schock, Hans Werner

AU - Cahen, David

PY - 2000/2/21

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N2 - The chemical effects of oxygenation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) interfaces are analyzed and are shown to involve passivation of Se deficiencies and Cu removal. The former effect is beneficial at grain boundaries, but detrimental at the CdS/CIGS interface. The latter effect is purely detrimental. Na and chemical bath deposition (CBD) treatments are shown to isolate the `good' oxygenation effect from the `bad' ones. Na is shown to promote oxygenation already before the deposition of the buffer and window layers, which allows a maximization of the benefits of Se deficiency passivation and a minimization of Cu removal. Next, the CBD of the CdS buffer layer restores the interface charge, due to creation of CdCu interface donors and possibly a removal of OSe interface acceptors. This highlights the crucial role that interface redox engineering plays in optimizing the performance of CIGS-based solar cells.

AB - The chemical effects of oxygenation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) interfaces are analyzed and are shown to involve passivation of Se deficiencies and Cu removal. The former effect is beneficial at grain boundaries, but detrimental at the CdS/CIGS interface. The latter effect is purely detrimental. Na and chemical bath deposition (CBD) treatments are shown to isolate the `good' oxygenation effect from the `bad' ones. Na is shown to promote oxygenation already before the deposition of the buffer and window layers, which allows a maximization of the benefits of Se deficiency passivation and a minimization of Cu removal. Next, the CBD of the CdS buffer layer restores the interface charge, due to creation of CdCu interface donors and possibly a removal of OSe interface acceptors. This highlights the crucial role that interface redox engineering plays in optimizing the performance of CIGS-based solar cells.

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Interface redox engineering of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂-based solar cells: Oxygen, sodium, and chemical bath effects

Abstract

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