Imaging and tuning polarity at SrTiO 3 domain walls

Yiftach Frenkel; Noam Haham; Yishai Shperber; Christopher Bell; Yanwu Xie; Zhuoyu Chen; Yasuyuki Hikita; Harold Y. Hwang; Ekhard K.H. Salje; Beena Kalisky

doi:10.1038/nmat4966

Imaging and tuning polarity at SrTiO 3 domain walls

Yiftach Frenkel, Noam Haham, Yishai Shperber, Christopher Bell, Yanwu Xie, Zhuoyu Chen, Yasuyuki Hikita, Harold Y. Hwang, Ekhard K.H. Salje, Beena Kalisky

Department of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

74 Scopus citations

Abstract

Electrostatic fields tune the ground state of interfaces between complex oxide materials. Electronic properties, such as conductivity and superconductivity, can be tuned and then used to create and control circuit elements and gate-defined devices. Here we show that naturally occurring twin boundaries, with properties that are different from their surrounding bulk, can tune the LaAlO ₃ /SrTiO ₃ interface 2DEG at the nanoscale. In particular, SrTiO 3 domain boundaries have the unusual distinction of remaining highly mobile down to low temperatures, and were recently suggested to be polar. Here we apply localized pressure to an individual SrTiO₃ twin boundary and detect a change in LaAlO₃ /SrTiO₃ interface current distribution. Our data directly confirm the existence of polarity at the twin boundaries, and demonstrate that they can serve as effective tunable gates. As the location of SrTiO₃ domain walls can be controlled using external field stimuli, our findings suggest a novel approach to manipulate SrTiO₃ -based devices on the nanoscale.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1203-1208
Number of pages	6
Journal	Nature Materials
Volume	16
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4966
State	Published - 1 Dec 2017

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.

Funding

∼0.2 µm) proves that this is not a simple decay of our stress dome. Further support comes from the ability to resolve dense domains (down to 2 µm spacing). We suggest that the response area extends along the domain wall. This scenario is supported by the increase of ΔV signal with domain length (Fig. 2c).

Funders	Funder number
Office of Basic Energy Sciences
U.S. Department of Energy
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation	GBMF4415
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	639792
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering	DE-AC02–76SF00515
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council	EP/P024904/1
European Commission
Israel Science Foundation	ISF-1102/13, ISF-1281/17

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10.1038/nmat4966

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title = "Imaging and tuning polarity at SrTiO 3 domain walls",

abstract = "Electrostatic fields tune the ground state of interfaces between complex oxide materials. Electronic properties, such as conductivity and superconductivity, can be tuned and then used to create and control circuit elements and gate-defined devices. Here we show that naturally occurring twin boundaries, with properties that are different from their surrounding bulk, can tune the LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface 2DEG at the nanoscale. In particular, SrTiO 3 domain boundaries have the unusual distinction of remaining highly mobile down to low temperatures, and were recently suggested to be polar. Here we apply localized pressure to an individual SrTiO3 twin boundary and detect a change in LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 interface current distribution. Our data directly confirm the existence of polarity at the twin boundaries, and demonstrate that they can serve as effective tunable gates. As the location of SrTiO3 domain walls can be controlled using external field stimuli, our findings suggest a novel approach to manipulate SrTiO3 -based devices on the nanoscale.",

author = "Yiftach Frenkel and Noam Haham and Yishai Shperber and Christopher Bell and Yanwu Xie and Zhuoyu Chen and Yasuyuki Hikita and Hwang, {Harold Y.} and Salje, {Ekhard K.H.} and Beena Kalisky",

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AU - Frenkel, Yiftach

AU - Haham, Noam

AU - Shperber, Yishai

AU - Bell, Christopher

AU - Xie, Yanwu

AU - Chen, Zhuoyu

AU - Hikita, Yasuyuki

AU - Hwang, Harold Y.

AU - Salje, Ekhard K.H.

AU - Kalisky, Beena

PY - 2017/12/1

Y1 - 2017/12/1

N2 - Electrostatic fields tune the ground state of interfaces between complex oxide materials. Electronic properties, such as conductivity and superconductivity, can be tuned and then used to create and control circuit elements and gate-defined devices. Here we show that naturally occurring twin boundaries, with properties that are different from their surrounding bulk, can tune the LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface 2DEG at the nanoscale. In particular, SrTiO 3 domain boundaries have the unusual distinction of remaining highly mobile down to low temperatures, and were recently suggested to be polar. Here we apply localized pressure to an individual SrTiO3 twin boundary and detect a change in LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 interface current distribution. Our data directly confirm the existence of polarity at the twin boundaries, and demonstrate that they can serve as effective tunable gates. As the location of SrTiO3 domain walls can be controlled using external field stimuli, our findings suggest a novel approach to manipulate SrTiO3 -based devices on the nanoscale.

AB - Electrostatic fields tune the ground state of interfaces between complex oxide materials. Electronic properties, such as conductivity and superconductivity, can be tuned and then used to create and control circuit elements and gate-defined devices. Here we show that naturally occurring twin boundaries, with properties that are different from their surrounding bulk, can tune the LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface 2DEG at the nanoscale. In particular, SrTiO 3 domain boundaries have the unusual distinction of remaining highly mobile down to low temperatures, and were recently suggested to be polar. Here we apply localized pressure to an individual SrTiO3 twin boundary and detect a change in LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 interface current distribution. Our data directly confirm the existence of polarity at the twin boundaries, and demonstrate that they can serve as effective tunable gates. As the location of SrTiO3 domain walls can be controlled using external field stimuli, our findings suggest a novel approach to manipulate SrTiO3 -based devices on the nanoscale.

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Imaging and tuning polarity at SrTiO 3 domain walls

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2D Magneto-Optical systems

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Imaging and tuning polarity at SrTiO 3 domain walls

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

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2D Magneto-Optical systems

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