How can we measure the effects of client participation on the effectiveness of social work intervention?

Summary: This paper examines the concepts of client or citizen participation in community work and of effectiveness in social work and other related fields. It surveys and summarizes the literature in these two fields, focusing on how the two key concepts are empirically measured. After examining the literature on the effects of citizen participation on community work intervention, the paper puts forward an operative model for both researchers and practitioners to measure how the participation of clients can make community work more effective and productive.