Homophily and the glass ceiling effect in social networks

Chen Avin; Barbara Keller; Zvi Lotker; Claire Mathieu; David Peleg; Yvonne Anne Pignolet

doi:10.1145/2688073.2688097

Homophily and the glass ceiling effect in social networks

Chen Avin, Barbara Keller, Zvi Lotker, Claire Mathieu, David Peleg, Yvonne Anne Pignolet

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

55 Scopus citations

Abstract

The glass ceiling effect has been defined in a recent US Federal Commission report as "the unseen, yet unbreakable barrier that keeps minorities and women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements". It is well documented that many societies and organizations exhibit a glass ceiling. In this paper we formally define and study the glass ceiling effect in social networks and propose a natural mathematical model, called the biased preferential attachment model, that par- tially explains the causes of the glass ceiling effect. This model consists of a network composed of two types of ver- tices, representing two sub-populations, and accommodates three well known social phenomena: (i) the "rich get richer" mechanism, (ii) a minority-majority partition, and (iii) ho- mophily. We prove that our model exhibits a strong mo- ment glass ceiling effect and that all three conditions are necessary, i.e., removing any one of them will prevent the appearance of a glass ceiling effect. Additionally, we present empirical evidence taken from a mentor-student network of researchers (derived from the DBLP database) that exhibits both a glass ceiling effect and the above three phenomena.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	ITCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery, Inc
Pages	41-50
Number of pages	10
ISBN (Electronic)	9781450333337
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/2688073.2688097
State	Published - 11 Jan 2015
Externally published	Yes
Event	6th Conference on Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science, ITCS 2015 - Rehovot, Israel Duration: 11 Jan 2015 → 13 Jan 2015

Publication series

Name	ITCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science

Conference

Conference	6th Conference on Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science, ITCS 2015
Country/Territory	Israel
City	Rehovot
Period	11/01/15 → 13/01/15

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding for the study was provided by Forest Laboratories, Inc. Funding for editorial assistance was provided by Forest Laboratories, Inc.

Funding Information:
D. E. L. serves as a speaker for Forest Laboratories, Inc. and did not receive payment for work on the manuscript. T. M. F. received recent research funding from Cerexa, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Forest Laboratories, Inc.), Ortho-McNeil, Pfizer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Gilead and Tibotec. He is also a consultant for Bayer, Cerexa, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Ortho-McNeil, Protez/Novartis, Merck, Nabriva, Pfizer and Tetraphase. T. M. F. did not receive payment for work on the manuscript. G. H. T. was an employee of Cerexa, Inc. at the time the work was performed; his company Talbot Advisors LLC is currently a consultant to Cerexa, Inc., but it was not paid for the time G. H. T. spent on manuscript preparation. G. H. T. has an equity interest in Cerexa, Inc. P. B. E., H. D. F., J. L., L. L. and I. A. C. are employees of Cerexa, Inc. D. A. T. was an employee of Cerexa, Inc. at the time the work and analyses were performed. P. B. E., H. D. F., J. L., L. L., I. A. C. and D. A. T. hold stock/stock options in Cerexa, Inc.

Funding

Funding for the study was provided by Forest Laboratories, Inc. Funding for editorial assistance was provided by Forest Laboratories, Inc. D. E. L. serves as a speaker for Forest Laboratories, Inc. and did not receive payment for work on the manuscript. T. M. F. received recent research funding from Cerexa, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Forest Laboratories, Inc.), Ortho-McNeil, Pfizer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Gilead and Tibotec. He is also a consultant for Bayer, Cerexa, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Ortho-McNeil, Protez/Novartis, Merck, Nabriva, Pfizer and Tetraphase. T. M. F. did not receive payment for work on the manuscript. G. H. T. was an employee of Cerexa, Inc. at the time the work was performed; his company Talbot Advisors LLC is currently a consultant to Cerexa, Inc., but it was not paid for the time G. H. T. spent on manuscript preparation. G. H. T. has an equity interest in Cerexa, Inc. P. B. E., H. D. F., J. L., L. L. and I. A. C. are employees of Cerexa, Inc. D. A. T. was an employee of Cerexa, Inc. at the time the work and analyses were performed. P. B. E., H. D. F., J. L., L. L., I. A. C. and D. A. T. hold stock/stock options in Cerexa, Inc.

Funders	Funder number
Israel Science Foundation	1549/13

Keywords

Glass ceiling
Homophily
Social networks

Access to Document

10.1145/2688073.2688097

Cite this

Avin, C., Keller, B., Lotker, Z., Mathieu, C., Peleg, D., & Pignolet, Y. A. (2015). Homophily and the glass ceiling effect in social networks. In ITCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science (pp. 41-50). (ITCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science). Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1145/2688073.2688097

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note = "Funding Information: Funding for the study was provided by Forest Laboratories, Inc. Funding for editorial assistance was provided by Forest Laboratories, Inc. Funding Information: D. E. L. serves as a speaker for Forest Laboratories, Inc. and did not receive payment for work on the manuscript. T. M. F. received recent research funding from Cerexa, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Forest Laboratories, Inc.), Ortho-McNeil, Pfizer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Gilead and Tibotec. He is also a consultant for Bayer, Cerexa, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Ortho-McNeil, Protez/Novartis, Merck, Nabriva, Pfizer and Tetraphase. T. M. F. did not receive payment for work on the manuscript. G. H. T. was an employee of Cerexa, Inc. at the time the work was performed; his company Talbot Advisors LLC is currently a consultant to Cerexa, Inc., but it was not paid for the time G. H. T. spent on manuscript preparation. G. H. T. has an equity interest in Cerexa, Inc. P. B. E., H. D. F., J. L., L. L. and I. A. C. are employees of Cerexa, Inc. D. A. T. was an employee of Cerexa, Inc. at the time the work and analyses were performed. P. B. E., H. D. F., J. L., L. L., I. A. C. and D. A. T. hold stock/stock options in Cerexa, Inc.; 6th Conference on Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science, ITCS 2015 ; Conference date: 11-01-2015 Through 13-01-2015",

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Avin, C, Keller, B, Lotker, Z, Mathieu, C, Peleg, D & Pignolet, YA 2015, Homophily and the glass ceiling effect in social networks. in ITCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science. ITCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, pp. 41-50, 6th Conference on Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science, ITCS 2015, Rehovot, Israel, 11/01/15. https://doi.org/10.1145/2688073.2688097

Homophily and the glass ceiling effect in social networks. / Avin, Chen; Keller, Barbara; Lotker, Zvi et al.
ITCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 2015. p. 41-50 (ITCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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Avin C, Keller B, Lotker Z, Mathieu C, Peleg D, Pignolet YA. Homophily and the glass ceiling effect in social networks. In ITCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. 2015. p. 41-50. (ITCS 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science). doi: 10.1145/2688073.2688097

Homophily and the glass ceiling effect in social networks

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

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Cite this