Highly stable digital holographic microscope using Sagnac interferometer

Interferometric microscopy has grown into a very potent tool for quantitative phase imaging of biological samples. Among the interfermetric methods, microscopy by digital holography is one of the most effective techniques, especially for studying dynamics of cells. Imaging of cell fluctuations requires digital holographic setups with high temporal stability. Common path setups in which the object and the reference beams encounter the same set of optical elements provide better temporal stability compared to two-beam setups. Here, we present a compact, easy-to-implement, common path digital holographic microscope based on Sagnac interferometer geometry. The microscope is implemented using a diode laser module employing a CCD array or a webcam sensor to record holograms. The system was tested for three-dimensional imaging capability, numerical focusing ability, and temporal stability. Sub-nanometer temporal stability without external vibration isolation components was obtained in both cases. The higher temporal stability makes the microscope compatible to image cell fluctuations, which is demonstrated by imaging the oscillation of the cell membrane of human red blood cells.