TY - GEN
T1 - Hardware implementation of a DCT watermark for CMOS image sensors
AU - Shoshan, Yonatan
AU - Fish, Alexander
AU - Jullien, Graham A.
AU - Yadid-Pecht, Orly
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - This paper presents a novel algorithm for watermark (WM) embedding in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain and its implementation in hardware. The proposed algorithm is shown to be easily integrated in the peripheral image processing circuitry of a CMOS image sensor that holds JPEG compression capabilities. The proposed algorithm embeds the WM in middle frequency DCT coefficients, according to the output of a random number generator. This addresses the trade-off between the WM robustness and image quality degradation. Choosing the DCT coefficient in a pseudo-random manner provides higher effective coverage, as a potential attacker must consider a wide range of possible coefficients. Matlab simulations show the ability of the algorithm to ensure image authenticity even when changing only 2 DCT coefficients in each 8×8 block. The WM embedder was designed in Verilog according to the proposed algorithm.
AB - This paper presents a novel algorithm for watermark (WM) embedding in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain and its implementation in hardware. The proposed algorithm is shown to be easily integrated in the peripheral image processing circuitry of a CMOS image sensor that holds JPEG compression capabilities. The proposed algorithm embeds the WM in middle frequency DCT coefficients, according to the output of a random number generator. This addresses the trade-off between the WM robustness and image quality degradation. Choosing the DCT coefficient in a pseudo-random manner provides higher effective coverage, as a potential attacker must consider a wide range of possible coefficients. Matlab simulations show the ability of the algorithm to ensure image authenticity even when changing only 2 DCT coefficients in each 8×8 block. The WM embedder was designed in Verilog according to the proposed algorithm.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=57849085881&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/icecs.2008.4674867
DO - 10.1109/icecs.2008.4674867
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AN - SCOPUS:57849085881
SN - 9781424421824
T3 - Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, ICECS 2008
SP - 368
EP - 371
BT - Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, ICECS 2008
T2 - 15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, ICECS 2008
Y2 - 31 August 2008 through 3 September 2008
ER -