Haemocompatibility of modified nanodiamonds

This study reports the interactions of modified nanodiamond particles in vitro with human blood. Modifications performed on the nanodiamond particles include oxygenation with a chemical method and hydrogenation upon chemical vapor deposition (CVD) plasma treatment. Such nanodiamonds were later incubated in whole human blood for different time intervals, ranging from 5 min to 5 h. The morphology of red blood cells was assessed along with spectral measurements and determination of haemolysis. The results showed that no more than 3% of cells were affected by the nanodiamonds. Specific modifications of the nanodiamonds give us the possibility to obtain nanoparticles which are biocompatible with human blood. They can form a basis for the development of nanoscale biomarkers and parts of sensing systems and devices useful in biomedical environments.