Graph analysis uncovers an opposing impact of methylphenidate on connectivity patterns within default mode network sub-divisions

Background: The Default Mode Network (DMN) is a central neural network, with recent evidence indicating that it is composed of functionally distinct sub-networks. Methylphenidate (MPH) administration has been shown before to modulate impulsive behavior, though it is not yet clear whether these effects relate to MPH-induced changes in DMN connectivity. To address this gap, we assessed the impact of MPH administration on functional connectivity patterns within and between distinct DMN sub-networks and tested putative relations to variability in sub-scales of impulsivity. Methods: Fifty-five right-handed healthy adults underwent two resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans, following acute administration of either MPH (20 mg) or placebo, via a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design. Graph modularity analysis was implemented to fractionate the DMN into distinct sub-networks based on the impact of MPH (vs. placebo) on DMN connectivity patterns with other neural networks. Results: MPH administration led to an overall decreased DMN connectivity, particularly with the auditory, cinguloopercular, and somatomotor networks, and increased connectivity with the parietomedial network. Graph analysis revealed that the DMN could be fractionated into two distinct sub-networks, with one exhibiting MPH-induced increased connectivity and the other decreased connectivity. Decreased connectivity of the DMN sub-network with the cinguloopercular network following MPH administration was associated with elevated impulsivity and non-planning impulsiveness. Conclusion: Current findings highlight the intricate effects of MPH administration on DMN rs-fMRI connectivity, uncovering its opposing impact on distinct DMN sub-divisions. MPH-induced dynamics in DMN connectivity patterns with other neural networks may account for some of the effects of MPH administration on impulsive behavior.