Gold nanoparticles-based biosensing of single nucleotide DNA mutations

Detection of DNA mutations is critical for scientific research and diagnostic procedures. Here, we propose a novel interdisciplinary method for rapid and simple detection of DNA mutations. We show that heating a solution containing DNA and gold nanoparticles results in degradation of the DNA. Surprisingly, we found that the DNA can be protected against degradation, if an oligonucleotide that matches the DNA is added to the solution. Moreover, the level of degradation indicates the presence of mutations in the DNA. The method is sensitive enough to indicate even a single nucleotide difference, and has the potential to ultimately replace initial medical genetic tests. As proof of concept, we demonstrate a clear detection of two of the most common mutations leading to Cystic Fibrosis.