Gold nanoparticle sensors for detecting chronic kidney disease and disease progression

Ophir Marom, Farid Nakhoul, Ulrike Tisch, Ala Shiban, Zaid Abassi, Hossam Haick

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

107 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aim: To study the feasibility of a novel nanomedical method that utilizes breath testing for identifying chronic kidney disease (CKD) and disease progression. Materials & Methods: Exhaled breath samples were collected from 62 volunteers. The breath samples were analyzed using sensors based on organically functionalized gold nanoparticles, combined with support vector machine analysis. Sensitivity and specificity with reference to CKD patient classification according to estimated glomerular filtration rate were determined using cross-validation. The chemical composition of the breath samples was studied using gas chromatography linked with mass spectrometry. Results: A combination of two to three gold nanoparticles sensors provided good distinction between early-stage CKD and healthy states (accuracy of 79%) and between stage 4 and 5 CKD states (accuracy of 85%). A single sensor provided a distinction between early and advanced CKD (accuracy of 76%). Several substances in the breath were identified and could be associated with CKD-related biochemical processes or with the accumulation of toxins through kidney function loss. Conclusion: Breath testing using gold nanoparticle sensors holds future potential as a cost-effective, fast and reliable diagnostic test for early detection of CKD and monitoring of disease progression. Original submitted 4 April 2011; Revised submitted 19 July 2011; Online publication date 8 March 201.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)639-650
Number of pages12
JournalNanomedicine
Volume7
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2012
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • breath
  • chronic kidney disease
  • gold nanoparticle
  • sensor
  • staging
  • volatile organic compound

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