Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the P4 suicide screener in a multinational sample. The primary goal was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale and investigate its convergent validity by analyzing its correlation with depression, anxiety, and substance use. Study design: The study design is a cross-sectional self-report study conducted across 42 countries. Methods: A cross-sectional, self-report study was conducted in 42 countries, with a total of 82,243 participants included in the final data set. Results: The study provides an overview of suicide ideation rates across 42 countries and confirms the structural validity of the P4 screener. The findings indicated that sexual and gender minority individuals exhibited higher rates of suicidal ideation. The P4 screener showed adequate reliability, convergence, and discriminant validity, and a cutoff score of 1 is recommended to identify individuals at risk of suicidal behavior. Conclusions: The study supports the reliability and validity of the P4 suicide screener across 42 diverse countries, highlighting the importance of using a cross-cultural suicide risk assessment to standardize the identification of high-risk individuals and tailoring culturally sensitive suicide prevention strategies.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 13-23 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Public Health |
Volume | 229 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Apr 2024 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2024 The Royal Society for Public Health
Funding
The authors declare no conflict of interest with the content of this manuscript. S.W.K. discloses that he has received funding from the International Center for Responsible Gaming, MGM Resorts International, Center for the Application of Substance Abuse Technologies, Taylor Francis, Springer Nature, the Nevada Problem Gambling Project, Sports Betting Alliance, and Kindbridge Research Institute. Dr. Potenza discloses that he has consulted for and advised Game Day Data, Addiction Policy Forum, AXA, Idorsia, Baria-Tek, and Opiant Therapeutics; been involved in a patent application involving Novartis and Yale; received research support from the Mohegan Sun Casino, Children and Screens and the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling; consulted for or advised legal and gambling entities on issues related to impulse control, internet use and addictive behaviors; performed grant reviews; edited journals/journal sections; given academic lectures in grand rounds, CME events, and other clinical/scientific venues; the University of Gibraltar receives funding from the Gibraltar Gambling Care Foundation, an independent not-for-profit charity generated books or chapters for publishers of mental health texts. The University of Gibraltar receives funding from the Gibraltar Gambling Care Foundation, an independent not-for-profit charity. However, these funding sources are not related to this study, and the funding institution had no role in the study design or the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, the writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. C.-Y.L. was supported by the WUN Research Development Fund (RDF) 2021 and the Higher Education Sprout Project, the Ministry of Education at the Headquarters of University Advancement at the National Cheng Kung University (NCKU); J.B. was supported by the WUN 2021 grant. C.L. was supported by the WUN Research Development Fund (RDF) 2021; G.O. was supported by the ANR grant of the Chaire Professeur Junior of Artois University and by the Strategic Dialogue and Management Scholarship (Phase 1 and 2); G.C.Q.G. was supported by the SNI #073 -2022 (SENACYT, Rep. of Panama); H.F. was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) (Japan Society for The Promotion of Science, JP21H05173), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (Japan Society for The Promotion of Science, 21H02849), and the smoking research foundation; J.B.G. was supported by grants from the Kindbridge Research Institute, the International Center for Responsible Gaming, and the Problem Gambling Network of Ohio; K. Lu was supported by the Charles University institutional support programme Cooperatio-Health Sciences; K. Le was supported by the Sonatina grant awarded by National Science Centre, Poland, grant number: 2020/36/C/HS6/00005.; K.R. was supported by funding from the Hauts-de-France region (France) called “Dialogue Stratégique de Gestion 2 (DSG2)”; L.C. was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19BSH117 ); L.N. was supported by the ÚNKP-22-3 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund.; M.G. was supported by National Science Centre of Poland grant nb. 2021/40/Q/HS6/00219; M.K was supported by the ÚNKP-22-3 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund.; P.M.-T. was supported by Universidad Cientifica del Sur; R.C. was supported by RC was supported by Auckland University of technology, 2021 Faculty Research Development Fund; R.G. was supported by Charles University institutional support programme Cooperatio-Health Sciences; S.A.D. was supported by the Tempus Public Foundation; S.B. was supported by a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair; S.U.s.r.t. was supported by Brain Korea 21 (BK21) program of National Research Foundation of Korea; S.W.K. was supported by the Kindbridge Research Institute.; Z.D. was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office (Grant numbers: KKP126835).
Funders | Funder number |
---|---|
Artois University | |
Connecticut Council | |
Gibraltar Gambling Care Foundation | |
Kindbridge Research Institute. | |
Kindbridge Research Institute. | |
Ministry for Culture and Innovation | |
Nevada Problem Gambling Project | |
Problem Gambling Network of Ohio | |
Sports Betting Alliance | |
WUN Research Development Fund | RDF) 2021 |
Univerzita Karlova v Praze | |
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand | |
International Center for Responsible Gaming | |
Universidad Científica del Sur | |
Agence Nationale de la Recherche | |
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science | JP21H05173, 21H02849 |
Ministry of Education | |
National Research Foundation of Korea | |
Narodowe Centrum Nauki | 2021/40/Q/HS6/00219, 2020/36/C/HS6/00005 |
Smoking Research Foundation | |
Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación | |
National Cheng Kung University | |
Région Hauts-de-France | |
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal | KKP126835 |
National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences | 19BSH117 |
Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap | |
Sistema Nacional de Investigadores | 073 -2022 |
Tempus Közalapítvány |
Keywords
- Assessment
- Cross-cultural
- Suicide
- Validation